【摘要】 医疗设施是重要的城市公共服务设施,合理公平布局能够缓解中心区人口集中化趋势和交通压力等问题。研究利用GIS网络分析法对昆明中心城区现状医疗设施空间分布进行研究,得出设施重叠率为400%,覆盖率为88%,结合中心城区居住空间的分布情况,建立医疗设施与居住空间的量化联系,发现其布局公平性存在以下几个问题:数量不足、分布不均、优质设施过于集中。本文利用空间句法局部集成度分析昆明道路现状,提出改善医疗设施布局的建议:依托高集成度路网布局医疗设施,分级建设医疗设施,推广远程基础医疗模式,加强公共设施导向开发(SOD)模式在城市空间拓展的引导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Medical facility is important for urban public service. Reasonable and fair distribution of it in central district can alleviate the pressure of population, density, etc. This paper uses GIS(Network Analysis) to quantitative research the spatial distribution of medical facilities in the central district of Kunming, and obtains the overlap rate(400%) and the coverage rate(88%).Combined with the distribution of residential space in central district, the quantitative connection between medical facilities and residential space is established, and the fair problems of the layout are found in several aspects: insufficient quantity, uneven distribution and centralization of better resource. According to these problems, the research uses Space Syntax(Partial Integration Level) to analyze the current road system in Kunming City, and puts forward some improving suggestions on the layout of medical facilities: lay out medical facilities relying on the high integration level of road, construct classified the medical facilities, popularize and apply remote basic medical model, strengthen Service-Oriented(SOD) model for guiding urban space development.In the paper, Firstly, through the literature and data query, it is found that the concentration of Kunming population is obvious; public service facilities are one of the reasons for the centralized urban congestion in the main city; the total amount of medical facilities has basically reached the national standard level, but according to the actual investigation, residents outside the Second Circle Road still have problems such as difficulty in meeting a doctor. Therefore,the traditional statistical methods cannot objectively ref lect the real situation of residents’ medical treatment. Planning medical facilities based on the "thousand indicators" may further aggravate the problem of population concentration and aggravate the accumulation of urban centers. Then, through the network analysis function of GIS, the study quantifies the status quo of medical facilities and residential areas in Kunming, sets the service radius of medical facilities to 1 000 m, finds the corresponding relationship between the two, and introduces the concept of coverage and overlap rate. The current situation is described and analyzed, and the gap in the medical environment of different living areas is obtained, that is, the fairness of the medical environment. At last, using Depthmap10.0 analysis, the local integration map of existing urban roads in Kunming is obtained. The integration degree value shows space unit and all other spatial agglomeration and dispersion degree in the system, that is, the centrality of a certain space relative to the rest of the urban space. The greater the integration value, the higher the accessibility, and the greater the potential for spatial flow. According to the analysis of local integration degree, the districts of Chenggong, Jinning, Wuhua, Guandu and Panlong all have areas with cohesiveness and high accessibility. Therefore, medical facilities should be built on the basis of such roads and regions.In summary, the distribution of medical facilities is important for each resident, and the unreasonable distribution will result in the phenomenon of "different medical environments in the same city", which will bring certain pressure to social stability. Through the analysis of the quantitative connection between the current medical facilities layout and living space in the central area of Kunming City, it is found that the layout of urban medical facilities is due to the deviation of public facilities planning and actual urban space expansion during urban development. Problems that planning is lagging behind urban development are common in the process of urban space expansion. In urban expansion and new district construction, in addition to the current Transit-Oriented Development(TOD) model, the role of Service-Oriented Development(SOD) should be gradually strengthened, especially for the government. In the planning and construction of public facilities for financial investment, it is necessary to carry out reasonable layout planning from its service efficiency and fairness, in order to improve the urban functional structure and guide the rational expansion of the city.更多还原