【摘要】 城市景观是人地关系的集中展现,而城市湿地作为城市重要生态资源,对塑造健康、和谐、丰富的城市景观有重要作用。在人地关系紧张的珠三角城市群地区,设立湿地公园是兼顾湿地保护与城市发展的明智选择。对城市群地区湿地公园生境营造途径与技术的探索,是构建人与自然和谐共存的湿地生境关键,是城市湿地可持续、健康发展的核心问题。本文以珠三角城市群中的湿地公园为研究对象,结合调研,对如何在生态多样性视角下营造健康、可持续发展的城市湿地生境进行探讨。论文对珠三角地区的自然地理环境特点以及生态本底资源、湿地公园建设情况进行梳理,指出目前珠三角城市群地区湿地公园生境营造中存在的主要问题并分析其原因,强调湿地公园生境营造中需考虑"空间布局"与"过程演替"的特点及其耦合作用,从宏观(区域尺度)、中观(景观尺度)、微观(场地尺度)三个层面提出城市群地区湿地公园生境营造的规划策略与建议;进而从场地规划设计尺度,提出湿地公园生境营造的技术途径,以期为珠三角地区城市景观的生态多样性提出可能实现的设想与方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban landscape is a concentrated display of the relationship between human and land. Urban wetland, as an important ecological resource of the city, plays an important role in shaping healthy, harmonious and multiple urban landscape. In the city-dense districts of Pearl River Delta where the relationship between people and land is tense, thence it is a wise choice to set up wetland park to balance wetland protection and urban development. To construct harmonious wetland habitat between human and nature, the key is to explore of the way and technology of wetland park habitat creation and sustainable-healthy development.This paper, in the perspective of ecological diversity, discusses how to create healthy and sustainable urban wetland park habitat in the city-dense districts of Pearl River Delta. Through summarizing the characteristics of the natural geographical environment in the Pearl River Delta, this paper concludes that the region has rich species and wetland resources as well as diverse habitat types. However, due to the characteristics of high-density urban built area, the environmental characteristics of high disturbance, high sensitivity and fragility become the main constraints for the development of ecological diversity in this region. According to the distribution of the planning and construction of the Pearl River Delta wetland park and the statistical analysis of its area, it can be seen that the distribution of site selection has the following characteristics: 1. the distribution of Pearl River Delta wetland park is unbalanced in inner and outer layers and the fragmentation of wetland patches is obvious; 2. the proportion of wetlands in the Pearl River Delta Region is negatively correlated with population density; 3. wetland parks in the inner circle of the Pearl River Delta are mostly embedded in urban built-up areas as natural patches. In addition, there are important fly way of migratory birds through this region,spanning from southeast to southwest across the whole Pearl River Delta Region, which indicates that wetland parks and wetland resources in the Pearl River Delta Region play a key role in the ecological pattern of south China and even the global environment.At present, there are the following problems in the habitat construction of wetland park in urban dense areas of the Pearl River Delta area: firstly, from the macro level, the main problems are manifested in the intensification of wetland landscape fragmentation; inversion of the natural basement of the region; and the expansion of the coast line such will lead to regional biodiversity reduction. Secondly, at the medium level, there is ineffective connection and control of the different level planning, which is most manifested in the stress caused by human interference,such as disorderly expansion of urban location and each city lack coordination. Thirdly, at the micro level, there are mainly site and habitat construction problems, which are manifested in the high interference and excessive contact of human beings, such as site design value orientation is unclear; lack of dynamic natural succession consideration; and the simplification trend of habitat and landscape.Based on the above discussion, this paper puts forward the strategies for the construction of wetland park habitat network in the city-dense districts of Pearl River Delta: First of all, the evolution of ecological and regional spatial pattern of coupling relation perspective could be set at the macro level. Horizontal movement, vertical space, time and space evolution of the dynamic structure relation could be put forward by the "Regional characteristic analysis + vertical spatial superposition + horizontal motion analysis and control + risk assessment and simulation under spatiotemporal evolution + construction of regional ecological security pattern under dynamic structural relations" which called the five steps of planning laws.Secondly, at the medium level, it proposes to build the ecological network system in high-density urbanization areas as the core. The way to strengthen the connection and control of the middle level is integrating multiple regulations. According to the local natural environment and landscape ecosystem,the authors tried to propose a technical framework for wetland park habitat construction from the perspective of site planning and design scale,including theoretical methods, field experiments and simulation research, and engineering practice. Form "site environmental analysis and evaluation of impact factor, habitat diversity system partition, screening of regional combination of habitat community—small scale experiment and simulation studies—succession changes of dynamic simulation studies, actual project using and testing, after the completion of habitat system health evaluation and maintenance optimization of process control and management, landscape" habitat construction technology methods.So far, this paper just considers and conceives the probably ways to create healthy and sustainable habitats for wetland parks in the city-dense districts of the Pearl River Delta. All aspects of the proposed technical pathways in this paper still requires multidisciplinary-cross cooperation to promote and deepen the current research work.更多还原