【摘要】 本研究整理了2015-2016年三江源区曲麻莱县、治多县和囊谦县的人兽冲突记录,并对主要肇事物种和人兽冲突的时间分布、地点分布以及受损类型的分布进行了统计分析。结果显示:(1)主要肇事野生动物依次为狼(978起,64.13%)、棕熊(117起,7.67%)、雪豹(5起,0.33%)和野牦牛(3起,0.20%),其余422起冲突(27.67%)未记录肇事野生动物;(2)人兽冲突时间分布不稳定,其高发期在不同年份不同地区都有所不同,总体来看,每年的1月、2月和12月棕熊和狼引起冲突较少,高峰期通常为6-9月;(3)从地区分布看,人兽冲突热点区域是曲麻莱县和治多县,特别是曲麻莱县秋智乡和麻多乡,治多县治渠乡、多彩乡、立新乡和扎河乡,曲麻莱县和治多县交接区域是人兽冲突高发区,囊谦县人兽冲突整体相对较轻;(4)从受损类型看,对牛的攻击和伤害是最主要的受损类型(749次,79.94%),明显多于对羊(56次,5.98%)和马(24次,2.56%)造成伤害的冲突,以及对房屋和家具等其它财产造成破坏的冲突(108起,11.53%)。本研究结果为三江源生态保护和国家公园建设制定更有效的预防和缓解人兽冲突的措施等提供了可靠依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Records on human-wildlife conflicts in Sanjiangyuan,Qumalai,Zhiduo and Nangqian Counties from 2015 to2016 were analyzed to find the main causing species and to trace the rules in the time distribution,the geographic distribution and the damage patterns.As our results showed:(1)the main causing animals were Canis lupus(978 cases,64.13%),Ursus arctos(117 cases,7.67%),Panthera uncia(5 cases,0.33%)and Bos mutus(3 cases,0.20%)in order,leaving 422 cases(27.67%)without causing species information;(2)the time distribution of the conflicts was not very stable and the peak period differed in different years and regions; but totally,conflicts in January,February and December were fewer,and the peak period typically occurred during June to September;(3)as to the geographic distribution,the situation in Qumalai and Zhiduo was heavier,especially Qiuzhi and Maduo towns in Qumalai and Zhiqu,Duocai,Lixin and Zhahe in Zhiduo; the conflict hotspot was located in the juncture of Qumalai and Zhiduo Counties; the situation in Nangqian was relatively slighter;(4)the attack and injury to cattle(749 cases,79.94%)was the most common damage type,and conflicts with this damage type were much more than those causing damages to sheep(56 cases,5.98%)or horses(24 cases,2.56%),or house and furniture(108 cases,11.53%).This study will provide reliable information for more effective actions to prevent and alleviate the human-wildlife conflicts in Sanjiangyuan.更多还原