【摘要】 针对内陆干旱区城市发展和生态环境保护的强烈互斥性,在整体识别内陆干旱区水循环与生态演变耦合作用机理上,构建基于生态水文阈值调控的水资源多维均衡配置模型。模型分3个层次:以流域为单元的水资源系统耗水总量和地下水采补平衡;以行政分区为单元的经济社会系统水量平衡和水土平衡;以河道关键控制断面和灌区为单元的生态环境系统水生态平衡和水盐平衡,并给出相应的多重循环迭代算法。将该模型方法应用于我国内陆干旱区——塔里木河流域,结果显示:在平枯水平年通过累计新增节水灌溉面积85.1万hm~2,累计退减基本农田外灌溉面积41.5万hm~2,累计退减国民经济用水量为75亿m~3,可实现该地区水资源-经济社会-生态环境复合系统的有序良性演化和高效均衡发展,验证了该方法的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 To tackle the strong conflict between urban development and ecological environment protection in inland arid regions,a multi-dimensional equilibrium allocation model of water resources based on eco-hydrological threshold regulation was constructed,after identifying the coupling mechanism between water cycle and ecological evolution. The model is divided into three layers; the first layer manages the total consumption of the water resources system and regulates the balance between groundwater exploitation and supplement in the basin; the second layer regulates the balance between water supply and demand and the balance between water resources and irrigation area from the economic and societal system in the administrative division; the third layer regulates the balance between water resources and ecological environment and the balance between water and salt of the environmental system in the key control channel sections and irrigation areas,as well as providing the corresponding multiple loop iteration algorithm. Applying the model to the Tarim River Basin located in China’s inland arid region,the results show that,in the normal and dry years(occurrence no greater than 50% comparing to the long-term climatology),with an increased water-saving irrigation area of 0.85 million hectares,a reduced agricultural irrigation area of 0.41 million hectares,as well as a reduced water usage of national economy by 7.5 billion m~3,it is possible for the orderly benign evolution and efficient as well as balanced development of composite system integrated with the water resources,economic society and ecosystem,and the results also verify the feasibility of the method.更多还原