【摘要】 汶川地震后4年里泥石流非常活跃,暴发了数次大规模泥石流。分析了震后泥石流形成的三类起动机理,并结合拦挡工程溃决情况,进一步分析人工干预下的大型泥石流形成机理。在此基础上,针对大型泥石流成灾的两个显著特点,即泥石流进入主河形成堰塞湖产生二次灾害与泥石流携带的巨石冲击破坏能力巨大,提出了主河输移控制型泥石流防治规划设计原理、不同开孔的拦砂坝群分级拦淤泥石流方法、谷坊群稳定形成区泥石流物源方法,以及充分利用沟床巨石形成阶梯-深潭结构等系列泥石流工程防治体系规划方法。主河输移控制型泥石流防治规划设计原理以主河输沙能力作为控制条件,将泥石流的洪峰流量优先分配给排导工程,然后分配给拦挡工程或者停淤工程,各类工程合理分担的泥石流洪峰流量。这些方法的组合可望对大型泥石流进行有效的调控。更多还原

【Abstract】 Debris flows were more active in four years after the Wenchuan earthquake and there were several extra-large occurrences. This paper proposed three types of initiation mechanism of debris flow : burst-style on gentle slope , erosion-style on moderate slope , and soil liquefaction-style on steep slope. Effect of dams on debris flow was also analyzed. The results indicats that the large debris flow would block the mainstream river and the boulders transported into the river might increase the destructive power and the duration of blockage. The dam formed by debris flow would aggravate the disaster in the upstream. Series of layout methods have been proposed based on the formation mechanism of debris flow and its disaster : a layout method of control works preventing debris flow to avoid blocking the main river ; the groups of slit-trap dams with different openings in different grades ; the groups of check dams stabilizing source soil ; and the step-pool architecture formed by boulders in the gully bed. The control work system is designed on the basis of the transport capacity of the mainstream water flow , in which the discharge of debris flow drained by drainage channel is designed to be equal to the transport capacity of the river , and the discharge beyond is distributed to the dam system. Various engineering scientifically share the burden of debris flow. The combination of these methods is expected to modulate large scale debris flow effectively.更多还原