【摘要】 基于露头、地震、测井和钻井资料分析,结合勘探实践成果,对四川盆地二叠系火成岩特征、分布、储集性能及含气性进行研究。分析表明,盆地内二叠系发育中心式火山喷发岩相,其岩性组合及分布特征表现出明显差异性;火成岩主要分布于3个区域:盆地西南部,主要为大面积溢流相玄武岩;盆地中西部的简阳—三台地区,发育侵入岩、火山熔岩(玄武岩)和火山碎屑岩;川东达州—梁平地区,则仅为辉绿岩和玄武岩。研究得出以下5方面的认识:①上二叠统火成岩可分为侵入岩和喷出岩两大类,以喷出岩占主体,在化学成分上既具有碱性玄武岩特点,也具有拉斑玄武岩特点,属偏碱性的过渡型玄武岩浆喷发;②溢流相的玄武岩在纵向上具有明显的韵律结构,单韵律层自下而上为火山碎屑岩(不发育)→深灰、灰色斑状玄武岩(不稳定)→深灰带紫色微晶-隐晶玄武岩→深灰绿色气孔状、杏仁状玄武岩;中心式火山喷发也具有韵律性,纵向上自下而上为火山碎屑岩(集块岩、角砾岩)→火山熔岩→凝灰质熔岩的演化序列;③玄武岩和火山碎屑岩的孔隙类型具多样性,以溶蚀孔、脱玻化微孔为主,但物性差异大,玄武岩储集层表现为超低孔渗,厚度小,分布于旋回中上部及顶部,横向可对比性较差;火山碎屑岩为中—高孔储集层(YT1井:孔隙度8.66%～16.48%,平均值为13.76%),厚度较大,储集层品质较好;④盆地西南部玄武岩中的天然气主要来源于中二叠统,盆地中西部火山碎屑岩中天然气来自于寒武系筇竹寺组;⑤分析不同地区火成岩成藏条件,盆地西南部气源相对不足、储集层欠发育,保存条件差异性较大,含气性较复杂;盆地中西部简阳—三台地区烃源充足、储集层发育、保存条件优越,天然气地质条件优越,是天然气勘探有利区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the analysis of outcrop, seismic, logging and drilling data, combined with exploration practice, the characteristics,distribution, reservoir performance and gas-bearing properties of Permian igneous rocks in Sichuan Basin are studied. The study shows that central volcanic eruptive facies are developed in Sichuan Basin, and their lithological assemblages and distribution characteristics show obvious differences. The igneous rocks are mainly distributed in three regions: the southwestern part of the basin has dominantly largescale overflow facies basalts; the central and western part of the basin, Jianyang-Santai area, develop intrusive rocks, volcanic lavas(basalts)and pyroclastic rocks; and the eastern part of Sichuan, Dazhou-Liangping area, only develop diabase and basalts. Five aspects of understandings are achieved:(1) The Upper Permian igneous rocks can be divided into intrusive rocks and extrusive rocks, with the extrusive rocks as the main body. The chemical compositions of the extrusive rocks are characterized by both alkaline basalt and tholeiitic basalt, and belong to the subalkaline type of transitional basalt magma eruption.(2) There are obvious rhythmic structures vertically among overflow facies basalt, and the single rhythmic layer consists of, from bottom up, pyroclastic rocks(undeveloped), gray and dark gray porphyritic basalts(unstable), dark gray and purple microcrystalline-cryptocrystalline basalts, dark greyish green porous and amygdaloid basalts; the central volcanic eruption shows the rhythm and the vertical sequence of volcanic clastic rocks(agglomerates and breccias), volcanic lava,tuffaceous lava from bottom to top.(3) The pore types of basalt and pyroclastic rocks are diverse, mainly dissolution pore and de-vitrification micropore, but their physical properties are different. Basalt is characterized by ultra-low pore permeability, small reservoir thickness, and reservoirs are distributed in the upper and middle parts of the cycle, with poor lateral comparability. Volcanic clastic rocks are medium to high porous reservoirs(Well YT1: porosity: 8.66%-16.48%, average 13.76%) with large thickness and good reservoir quality.(4) Natural gas in basalts in southwestern basin mainly comes from Middle Permian, and natural gas in volcanic clastic rocks in central and western basin comes from Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation.(5) Analysis of igneous reservoir-forming conditions in different areas shows that there are relatively insufficient gas sources and great differences in preservation conditions in southwestern basin. Reservoirs are poorly developed and gas-bearing is complex. The Jianyang-Santai area in the central and western part of Sichuan Basin has abundant hydrocarbon sources, developed reservoir, favorable preservation conditions and favorable gas geological conditions,and it is a favorable area for gas exploration.更多还原