【摘要】 【目的】探讨白骨壤人工湿地处理模拟对虾养殖废水的效果。【方法】通过室内构建白骨壤垂直流人工湿地和无植被人工湿地系统,研究处理时间和水力负荷对人工湿地处理模拟对虾养殖废水的影响,并分析人工湿地内部生物膜的细菌群落结构。【结果】人工湿地启动60d后的稳定运行阶段,白骨壤人工湿地总氮和氨氮的去除率分别在77.19%～84.66%,91.62%～98.48%,无植被人工湿地总氮和氨氮去除率分别在41.40%～61.69%,47.08%～79.79%,白骨壤人工湿地对总氮和氨氮去除率显著高于无植被人工湿地（P <0.05）;在总磷、有机物和总有机碳去除率方面,两者无显著差异。白骨壤人工湿地处理养殖废水3d后总氮、氨氮、总磷、有机物和总有机碳去除率分别为84.7%、94.1%、92.0%、64.1%和66.2%,出水浓度均低于海水养殖废水排放标准（GB3097-1997）。白骨壤人工湿地生物膜中变形杆菌门（Proteobacteria）、硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospinae）丰度显著高于无植被人工湿地（P <0.05）;无植被人工湿地蓝细菌占细菌总量的5.36%。水力负荷对总氮、氨氮和总磷的去除率影响显著（P<0.05）;当水力负荷0.06m³/(m²·d^-1)时,总氮、氨氮和总磷的去除率均达到最大值,分别为66.6%、75.0%和41.8%;日去污量均值为51.6、73.5和10.4 mg/d。有机物和总有机碳在不同水力负荷下去除率变化不显著（P> 0.05）。【结论】白骨壤构建海水人工湿地是循环海水养殖废水生物处理的一种有效途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】The effects of Mangrove（Avicennia marina） in constructed wetland treatment on shrimp culture wastewater were investigated.【Method】The effects of treatment time and hydraulic load on the treatment of shrimp culture wastewater in constructed wetland were studied, and the bacterial community structure of biofilm in constructed wetland was analyzed.（Mangrove constructed wetland group, MCW;constructed wetland without Mangrove group, CW）.【Result】The removal rates of total nitrogen（TN）and ammonia nitrogen（TAN） were 77.19%-84.66%, and 91.62%-98.48% in MCW group after 60 days, which were significantly higher than those in the CW group（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in total phosphorus（TP）, organic matter and total organic carbon（TOC）removal between group MCW and group CW（P < 0.05）. The removal rates of TN, TAN, TP, organic matter and TOC were 84.7%, 94.1%, 92.0%, 64.1% and 66.2% respectively after 3 days of treatment of shrimp culture wastewater by group MCW. The effluent concentration was lower than the discharge standard of Mariculture Wastewater（GB3097-1997）. The abundance of Proteobacteria and Nitrospinae in the biofilm of group MCW was significantly higher than that of the group CW（P < 0.05）, and Cyanobacteria accounted for 5.36% of the total bacteria in the group CW. The removal rates of TN,TAN and TP were significantly affected by hydraulic load（P < 0.05）. When hydraulic load was 0.06 m³/(m².d^-1), the removal rates of TN, TAN and TP reached the maximum values, which were 66.6%,75.0% and 41.8% respectively. The average daily decontamination amount was 51.6 mg/d, 73.5 mg/d and 10.4 mg/d respectively. The removal rates of organic matter and TOC did not change significantly under different hydraulic loads（P > 0.05）.【Conclusion】The construction of seawater constructed wetland with Avicennia marina is an effective way to treat wastewater from recirculating mariculture.更多还原