【摘要】 5·12汶川地震诱发大量的崩塌、滑坡、堰塞湖,导致了大量的水土流失。基于北京一号小卫星影像数据,在重灾区共解译出崩塌、滑坡点总面积2264.53km2。通过对重灾区内距离地震破裂带分别做5km、10km、30km、50km、100km的缓冲区,分别统计不同区段的崩塌、滑坡体的面积,结合野外实地考察和简易测量数据来确定不同区段的松散土体厚度,初步计算出重灾区的崩塌、滑坡水土流失量为相当于全国一年的水土流失量。通过对重灾区34处重点堰塞湖的堰塞坝堆积方量进行计算,估算所有堰塞湖的堰塞坝水土流失量为1.87×108t。重灾区山地灾害的水土流失总量为55.86×108t。讨论估算中存在的问题,提出了进一步提高精度的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008 has induced many secondary disasters,such as collapse,landslide,dammed lake,as well as a wide range of soil erosion. Based on the image data form Beijing No.1 small satellite,it is estimated that collapses and landslides cover a total area of 2 264.53 km2 in the heavy disaster areas. Furthermore,distribution of the total erosive area is analyzed with respect to the subregions in radius of 5 km,10 km,30 km,50 km,100 km respectively from the major fault. Besides,the erosive depth has been estimated by field investigation. Consequently,the amount quantity of soil erosion of collapse and landslide is about 55.86×108 ton. In addition,the erosion quantity from the 34 major dammed lakes is estimated as 1.87×108 ton. Thus the soil erosion in the quake-hit area amounts to the quantity in a whole year before. Finally,some problems involved in the estimation are discussed.更多还原