【摘要】 目的调查四川汶川地震灾区伤员和伤员家属的心理状况,探讨重大自然灾害事件对人们心理的影响情况。方法采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、自制的灾区伤员一般情况调查表、睡眠情况调查表以及心理应激调查表,对196名四川汶川灾区伤员和伤员家属的心理状况进行调查。结果196名灾区伤员和伤员家属中,SCL-90各因子均分均高于正常人群,差异有显著性(P<0.05),其中,躯体化、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖性因子均分与常模相比较,差异有极其显著性(P<0.01)。HAMA总分>14分的有23例(11.7%);HAMD总分>20分的有29例(14.8%);睡眠量表总分>7分的有96例(49%);应激量表总分>10分的有74例(37.7%);具有明显的创伤后综合症并且符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)中创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状学标准的有11例(5.6%);此外,符合CCMD-3脑器质性精神障碍诊断标准的有1例。结论地震对人们心理的影响是普遍而严重的,对灾区伤员和伤员家属要进行随访,并需要为其提供早期的合适的心理干预。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the influence of heavy natural disaster events on psychology through investigating the psychologic status in woundeds and their family members of Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan. Methods A total of 196 woundeds and their family members of Wenchuan earthquake were assessed with SCL-90,HAMA,HAMD and three self-designed questionnaires including general state of health,sleep and psychological stress.Results The each factor scores of SCL-90 in the woundeds and their family members were significantly higher than national norms especially such as somatization,depression,anxiety and phobia factors(P<0.01).There were 23 cases for total score of HAMA(11.7%) exceeded 14,29 cases(14.8%) for HAMD exceeded 20,96 cases (49%) for total score of sleep exceeded 7,74 cases(37.7%) for total score of psychological stress exceeded 10.A total of 11 cases had obvious post-traumatic syndromes and accorded with PTSD symptom criteria of CCMD-3. Moreover,one case accorded with the criteria of CCMD-3 for brain organic mental disorder.Conclusion Earthquake disaster has general and severe impact on human psychology,so the woundeds and their family members of Wenchuan earthquake should be followed up regularly,and the prompt and standard psychological intervention should be provided.更多还原