【摘要】 对"5.12"四川汶川8.0级特大地震导致大量教学楼严重破坏或完全坍塌进行了广泛调研,分析了砖木结构、砖混结构和框架结构教学楼的震害特征和震害原因。分析结果表明,由于使用功能要求,相比于其它建筑,教学楼竖向结构体系相对单薄,即强度和刚度不足;传统的砖木结构和砖混结构缺乏必要的整体连接措施;建筑体型不对称加剧了地震中建筑的倾倒。建议高烈度地区的框架结构教学楼应重视剪力墙的设置,砌体结构的窗间墙采用组合砌体;合理的建筑平面布局方案是提高教学楼抗震能力的重要途径,并重视对建筑质量的全过程控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the investigation of school buildings which were severely damaged or even collapsed during the "5·12" M8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake,the damage mechanisms of masonry structures,masonry structures with timber roof and RC frame structures were analyzed.The results showed that the vertical bearing structures of school buildings are weaker,compared to other structures,i.e.they are lack of strength and stiffness due to the requirement of school function.The traditional masonry structures and masonry structures with timber roof are lack of connection between components;the asymmetry constructions result in collapse laterally.Therefore,in the high earthquake zone,the shear wall should be considered in the RC frame structures;the layout of school buildings should be designed reasonably,which can improve their capability of resisting the damage of earthquake,and also the whole process of construction should be monitored so as to satisfy the requirement of quality.更多还原