【摘要】 厌氧氨氧化和反硝化作用是底泥生物脱氮的主要过程,碳源是调控厌氧氨氧化和反硝化作用的关键因子。本研究以褐煤为对象,对褐煤的静态碳释情况及其对池塘底泥中脱氮作用的影响进行了研究。结果显示,褐煤在室温条件下的碳释放规律符合二级动力学方程,具备作为反硝化碳源的可行性;在脱氮实验中,发现褐煤对底泥上覆水体中的亚硝酸盐氮（NO₂^--N）的去除具有促进作用,NO₂^--N的去除率随褐煤浓度的增加而升高,当褐煤质量浓度为40g/L时,NO₂^--N去除率最高达99.61%,此时硝酸盐氮（NO₃^--N）的浓度也最低;同时发现,水体中氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）氧化的最适褐煤质量浓度为10g/L,其去除率达99.39%;对底泥中的厌氧氨氧化菌群进行Illumina高通量测序发现,其中浮霉菌门占比最大（39.6%～71.8%）,优势菌属为Candidatus Brocadia（13.9%～35.8%）和Desulfovibrio（17.1%～34.8%）,添加褐煤组Candidatus Scalindua菌属比例高于未添加组;荧光定量PCR得出,随着褐煤质量浓度升高,底泥中的反硝化菌丰度呈增长趋势,而厌氧氨氧化菌丰度则低于无褐煤添加组,表明添加褐煤对底泥反硝化有促进作用,而对厌氧氨氧化有一定的抑制作用。研究表明,褐煤具备作为反硝化碳源的条件,可用于池塘养殖底泥脱氮作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification are the main processes of biological nitrogen removal from sediments. Carbon sources are the key factors regulating anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification. In this study, the static carbon release of lignite and its effect on nitrogen removal from pond sediment were studied. The results show that the carbon release rule of lignite at room temperature accords with the second-order kinetic equation and has the feasibility of being a denitrification carbon source.In the denitrification experiment, it was found that lignite promoted the removal of nitrite nitrogen（NO₂^--N） in the overlying water. The removal rate of NO₂^--N increased with the increase of lignite concentration. When the mass concentration of lignite was 40 g/L, the removal rate of NO₂^--N was up to 99.61%. At this time,the concentration of nitrate nitrogen（NO₃^--N） was also the lowest; at the same time, it was found that the optimum concentration of ammonia nitrogen（NH₄⁺-N） in water was 10 g/L, and the removal rate was 99.39%. Illumina high-throughput sequencing of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria in the sediment found that the proportion of Fusarium was the largest（39.6%-71.8%）, and the dominant genus was Candidatus Brocadia（13.9%-35.8%）, Desulfovibrio（17.1%-34.8%）, the proportion of Candidatus Scalindua added to the lignite group was higher than that of the unadded group; fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that with the increase of lignite mass concentration, the abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the sediment increased, while the abundance of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria was lower than that in the zero-brown coal addition group, indicating that the addition of lignite promoted the sediment denitrification. It has a certain inhibitory effect on anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Studies have shown that lignite has the conditions of denitrifying carbon source and can be used for denitrification of pond culture sediments.更多还原