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南海海域鸢乌贼中型群与微型群渔业生物学比较
Comparison of fishery biology between medium-form and dwarf-form of Sthenoeuthis oualaniensis in South China Sea
【摘要】 根据2012年9—10月采集的780尾鸢乌贼样本,对比研究了中型群和微型群两个种群的渔业生物学特征,为南海海域鸢乌贼渔业资源的管理、保护等提供基础资料。按海洋调查规范测定样本的胴长、体质量、性腺指数和摄食指数等生物学指标,通过磨片测定耳石生长纹数。结果显示,中型群胴长范围79~266 mm,优势胴长为111~145 mm,平均胴长随纬度的变化不明显;微型群胴长范围56~118 mm,优势胴长为66~95 mm,平均胴长随纬度的升高略呈上升趋势。中型群体质量分布范围17.47~957.20 g,优势体质量为45.01~120.00 g;微型群体质量分布范围5.81~76.56 g,优势体质量为5.01~50.00 g;中型群和微型群平均体质量随纬度的升高均有上升的趋势。中型群和微型群两个群体雌性和雄性样本的胴长和体质量之间的关系均适合幂函数。中型群雌雄比例为0.80∶1,未成熟与成熟个体比例为1.12∶1;微型群雌雄比例为3∶1,未成熟与成熟个体比例为0.83∶1。中型群雌性的性腺指数为1.71,雄性为3.31;微型群雌性的性腺指数为4.07,雄性为4.11。中型群雌性的摄食指数为5.07,雄性为3.54;微型群雌性的摄食指数为1.89,雄性为2.75。中型群耳石日龄范围为30~135 d,微型群耳石日龄范围为44~81 d。根据样本捕捞日期,推测微型群和中型群的产卵高峰分别为7月和8月。南海海域鸢乌贼秋季样本中型群个体规格大于微型群个体,2个群体的性成熟和孵化存在错峰现象,微型群雌性性成熟和产卵略早于中型群的雌性。推断7°、14°和16°N海域是鸢乌贼群体在南海的摄食场。
【Abstract】 Based on 780 Sthenoeuthis oualaniensis samples collected from September to October 2012, the fishery biological characteristics of medium form and dwarf form populations were compared and studied, which provided basic data for the management and protection of squid fishery resources in the South China Sea. The mantle length(ML), body weight(BW), gonadosomatic index(GSI) and feeding factor(FF) of the samples were determined according to the marine survey standard, and the number of growth increments of statolith was determined by grinding. The results showed that the ML range of medium form is 79–266 mm, dominant in 111–145 mm, and vary with latitude insignificantly; ML range of dwarf form group is 56–118 mm, dominant in 66–95 mm, and increases slowly with latitude. BW range of medium form is 17.47–957.20 g, dominant in 45.01–120.00 g; BW range of dwarf form is 5.81–76.56 g, dominant in 5.01–50.00 g; BW of medium form and dwarf form both increase with latitude. All of the relationships between ML and BW of female and male of medium form and dwarf form could be described by power functions. Sex ratio(female/male) of medium form is 0.80∶1 and maturity ratio(immature/mature) is 1.12∶ 1; sex ratio(female/male) of dwarf form is 3∶1, and maturity ratio(immature/mature) is 0.83∶1. GSI of medium form is 1.71 and 1.31 in female and male, respectively; GSI of dwarf form is 4.07 and 4.11 in female and male, respectively. FF of medium form is 5.07 and 3.54 in female and male, respectively; FF of dwarf form is 1.89 and 2.75 in female and male, respectively. The range of statolith age of medium form is 30–135 d, and that of dwarf form is 44–81 d. Based on the captured date, hatching periods of medium form and dwarf form are dominant in July and August, respectively. Results indicate that the size of medium form is bigger than that of dwarf form, maturing and hatching are not in synchronization in medium form and dwarf form, and maturing and hatching of female of dwarf form are earlier than those of medium form. The results also indicate that the sea areas at 7°, 14° and 16° north latitude are the feeding grounds of squid populations in the South China Sea.
【Key words】 Sthenoeuthis oualaniensis; fishery biology; age; hatch; South China Sea;
- 【文献出处】 水产学报 ,Journal of Fisheries of China , 编辑部邮箱 ,2019年02期
- 【分类号】S931
- 【网络出版时间】2018-09-10 14:30
- 【被引频次】8
- 【下载频次】167