【摘要】 对乌东德水电站开建以来坝区暴雨及伴随的短时强降水时空分布进行统计研究,并划分出暴雨天气概念模型。结果表明:乌东德水电站开建以来坝区共出现18个暴雨日,平均3.0个/a,暴雨自6月上旬开始出现,到10月上旬结束,出现暴雨最多的季节是夏季,多为范围小的局地性暴雨出现。暴雨日数、年平均降水量、20～30mm·h^-1及≥20mm·h^-1的短时强降水的空间分布均呈现"西北多东南少"的特征。20～30mm·h^-1的短时强降水发生频次最多（占63.6%）,其次为30～40mm·h^-1（占27.3%）,40～50mm·h^-1最少（仅占9.1%）。短时强降水及不同等级短时强降水均表现为夜间高发、白天低发的日变化特征。总结归纳出切变冷锋型8次（占44.4%）、两高辐合型4次（占22.2%）、西南涡型2次（占11.1%）、孟加拉湾风暴型2次（占11.1%）、切变线型1次（占5.6%）和高空槽型1次（占5.6%）六类暴雨天气概念模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 The temporal and spatial distribution of heavy rain and accompanying short time severe rainfall were statistically studied in the dam area since the construction of Wudongde Hydropower Station, and the conceptual model of heavy rain weather was divided. The results are as follows. Since the construction of Wudongde Hydropower Station, there have been 18 heavy rain days in the dam area, with an average of 3.0/a. The heavy rain started in early June and ended in early October. The season with the most heavy rain is summer. Most of them are local heavy rain with a small range. The spatial distribution of heavy rain days, annual average precipitation, short time severe rainfall of 20～30 mm·h^-1 and greater than or equal to 20 mm·h^-1 is characterized by "less northeast and more southeast". The short time severe rainfall of 20～30 mm·h^-1 occurred most frequently（63.6%）, followed by 30～40 mm·h^-1（27.3%）, and 40～50 mm·h^-1 was the least（only 9.1%）. The daily distribution of short time severe rainfall and short time severe rainfall of different grades is characterized by high incidence at night and low incidence during the day. Six conceptual models of heavy rain were concluded, including shear and cold front type 8 times（44.4%）, two high convergence type 4 times（22.2%）, southwest vortex type 2 times（11.1%）, cyclonic storm over the Bay of Bengal type 2 times（11.1%）, shear line type 1 times（5.6%） and upper trough type 1 times（5.6%）.更多还原