【摘要】 该文简述了可持续发展理论的由来、涵义及基本原则，认为人类开发、利用水资源应当按照可持续发展的基本原则行事；分析探讨了水资源时空分布不均和干旱灾害对我国社会经济发展的不利影响，提出了作为缓冲资源存在的环境用水问题，认为特别需要警惕那种持续时间长、干旱度大的旱灾；阐述了建设节水型农业的重要意义，提出建立水本位，引入水当量和水当值概念，并建议将其纳入国民经济统计体系，以促进节水型国民经济体系的建立和发展；提出重新认识水利工程的长效性，认为重大水利工程的决策和实施体现的是社会整体的长远利益，不能单纯从短期商业利益来对其进行衡量。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper discussed the cause, meaning, and basic principles of sustainable development theory, And people should follow these basic principles of sustainable development to develop and utilize the water resources. In China, the water resources which is spreading Unequally in bine and space and drought disasters are very harmful to the social economical development of the country. Special attention is needed to be drawn to the longtime lasting severe drought disaster. The significance of construchng water-saving type agriculture is addressed in this paper. To promote the construction and development of water-saving pattern national economic system, it is necessary to lend the water equivalent water Maine and water standnd concepution into the statistics system of national economic. Water conservancy project is a long-term benefits project and the decision-making and construction of important water conservancy project shall reflect the long-thrm benefits of the whole society instead of short-term commercial benefits.更多还原