【摘要】 黄河三角洲是我国大江大河中生态现状最好、代表性最为突出、保护意义最重大的河口三角洲。实施黄河口大保护,不仅能有效改善河口三角洲生态环境质量,保护河口生物多样性,而且对于整个黄河流域乃至全国生态文明建设具有重要带动作用和战略影响。近年来,随着入海水沙持续减少,黄河三角洲正面临着整体性生态退化问题和风险。由于黄河三角洲生态区位以及所面临问题的全局性和复杂性,因此需参照世界河口和长江流域大保护做法,在更高层次开展总体规划并综合施策。建议采取以下几点措施:以恢复黄河多流入海为抓手,奠定三角洲整体生态格局;以水系连通为抓手,优化区域水土资源格局;以生态恢复为抓手,维持黄河口湿地空间格局;以生物多样性保护为抓手,维护区域生物群落格局;以科研监管和生态补偿为抓手,建立保护修复长效机制,在国家层面尽快启动并实施黄河三角洲大保护计划,全面打造我国向世界展示河口文化的标志区。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Yellow River estuary is the most representative and significant estuary area in China’s major rivers. Implementing the protection of the Yellow River estuary can not only effectively improve the ecological environment quality of the estuary delta and protect the biological diversity of the estuary, but also have an important driving role and strategic impact on the whole Yellow River basin and even the national ecological civilization construction. In recent years, with the continuous decrease of sediment inflow into the sea, the Yellow River delta is facing the problem and risk of overall ecological degradation. Because of the ecological location of the Yellow River delta and the overall situation and complexity of the problems it faces, it is necessary to carry out overall planning and comprehensive measures at a higher level in accordance with the practice of protecting the world estuaries and Yangtze River basins. It is suggested that the following measures should be taken: restoring the Yellow River into the sea to lay down the overall ecological pattern of the delta; optimizing the pattern of regional water and soil resources by connecting the river systems; maintaining the spatial pattern of wetlands in the Yellow River estuary by restoring the ecosystem; maintaining the pattern of regional biological communities by protecting biodiversity and; establishing the pattern of scientific research supervision and ecological compensation. The long-term mechanism of protection and restoration should be launched and implemented as soon as possible at the national level, so as to comprehensively build a landmark area for China to show estuary culture to the world.更多还原