【摘要】 回顾了黄河"八七"分水方案出台的历史背景、研究历程以及在实践中不断细化和完善的过程,分析了1999年统一调度之前和之后两个时段的运用情况和效果,提出了变化环境下流域水资源面临的新形势并进行了展望。"八七"分水方案是我国大江大河第一个流域分水方案,对于国家推进水资源科学分配和高效利用具有重大突破和示范意义,在运用中先后开展了"八七"分水方案细化、新径流条件下分水方案完善、用水总量控制红线制定等一系列工作,分水方案得到持续细化、深化、发展和完善,有力支撑了黄河流域水资源管理,成为流域管理重要的技术文件。运用30 a来,"八七"分水方案以及黄河水资源管理实践有效控制了流域用水需求增长,协调了各省(区)用水关系,支撑了流域经济社会可持续发展与生态环境维持,实现了黄河干流20 a不断流。未来黄河流域面临的水资源需求仍将呈现一定的刚性增长,流域水资源管理的关键问题是如何缓解水资源对流域经济社会发展的制约,支撑生态环境良性维持。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper reviewed the historical background, research process and continuous development of the Yellow River water allocation scheme in 1987(Scheme 1987 in short), and analyzed the implement processes and effects of the two periods before and after the integrated water regulation in 1999. The new challenges and solutions of the water resources under changing environment in the basin were proposed. Scheme 1987 is the first basin-scale water allocation scheme for large rivers in China. It has great breakthroughs and demonstration significance for China to promote the scientific allocation and efficient use of water resources. Scheme 1987 has been continuously refined, deepened, developed and improved by series of work such as refinement among tributaries and regions, improvement of the water allocation scheme under the new runoff conditions and the formulation of the red line for water consumption control, which strongly supports the water resources management of the Yellow River basin and constitutes an important watershed management technical documentation. In the past 30 years, Scheme 1987 and the Yellow River water resources management practice have effectively restrained the water demand growth of the basin, coordinated the water use relations of the 11 provinces and regions along the river, supported the sustainable socioeconomic development of the basin and the maintenance of the ecological environment, and realized the mainstream continuous flowing for 20 consecutive years. In the future, the demand for water resources in the Yellow River basin will continue to show a certain rigid growth. The key issue of water resources management in the basin is how to alleviate the constraints of water resources on socioeconomic development of the basin, and support the benign maintenance of the ecological environment.更多还原