【摘要】 目前,地理信息系统(GIS)在多学科领域的融合方面已经发挥了极为明显的作用。但是,在动物考古学研究中,尤其是在东亚地区,这一手段的使用还明显有所欠缺。本文尝试将这一技术手段应用于贵州马鞍山遗址(距今约43～16 kaBP)出土动物遗存的研究之中。在上千件石制品与数十件骨制品之外,马鞍山遗址还出土有大量的动物化石,从而使其成为检验与实践地理信息系统的一个良好媒介。本文以ArcGIS软件包中的空间分析工具为技术依托,重点对遗址出土的大型动物(包括Bubalus sp和Megatapirus augustus)的骨骼单元分布模式进行了更为准确的统计与分析。本项研究表明,相对于传统方法而言,GIS系统在大型动物遗存的量化统计方面具有独特而重要的价值;此外,这一技术手段还有望在第四纪其他学科的研究中得到发挥与应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Geographic Information System has now found its way into many fields of archaeological research;however,its integration with zooarchaeology is only occasionally practiced,especially in China.In this study,we tentatively adopt this technique in an analysis of the faunal remains from the Ma,anshan site(ca.43-16 kaBP),Guizhou Province of China.Associated with thousands of stone artifacts and dozens of formalized bone tools,this site is exceptional in its excellent preservation of a fairly large bone assemblage.With the assistance of a geoprocessing tool from ArcGIS’s Spatial Analyst extension,skeletal remains of Class Ⅲ animals(including Bubalus sp.and Megatapirus augustus) from the site are quantified in bulk with maximum precision;meanwhile,patterns in bone element abundance of the two species are visually accentuated.The current study indicates that GIS can be a unique and most potent tool in standardizing and simplifying procedures in analyzing animal bones,especially those of extremely large collections from the Paleolithic sites of China.更多还原