【摘要】 位于青藏高原东北缘的西秦岭是滑坡、崩塌和泥石流地质灾害非常严重的地区,科学认识这些地质灾害的发育规律、形成机理和控制因素,对于该地区社会经济发展和重大工程建设中地质灾害的科学防御和治理具有重要意义。对西秦岭地区的断裂构造格架和活动特征及其与地质灾害的空间分布和发育强度研究表明,虽然滑坡、崩塌和泥石流地质灾害是内外动力地质作用复杂耦合作用之结果,但区域断裂构造格架和活动特征对滑坡、崩塌和泥石流地质灾害空间和强度分布具有主导控制作用,其主要表现在:1)滑坡、崩塌、泥石流多沿区域断裂带呈带状发育,断裂构造活动强的地段是地质灾害发育强烈的区域;2)断裂带的长期活动造成的岩体破坏和复杂的构造结构面体系不仅为滑坡、崩塌和泥石流的发生提供了重要的物源条件,而且提供了地质结构条件;3)断裂构造突发活动,即地震活动是诱发大规模区域滑坡群和崩塌灾害的最主要因素。因此对滑坡、崩塌和泥石流等地质灾害的研究,不应孤立地探讨其中单一地质灾害的形成与发展,而应把它们放在区域地质构造环境演化过程中统一认识,尤其是应把区域断裂格架、断裂带结构和断裂活动性作为地质灾害形成与发展的关键影响因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 The west Qinling, located at the northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, is region of intensive and extensive development of geological hazards such as rock fall and collapse, landslide, mud-debric flow. The scientific understanding of development law, formation mechanism and control factors of these geological hazards is of importance for the prevention and treatment of geological hazards in regional social-economic development and major project construction. Although the geological hazards in the westen Qinling are the results of coupling of interior and exterior dynamic geological processes, there is strong relationship between the fault frameworks and its activities and geological hazards’ spatial distribution and intensity. On the basis of our investigation, it is suggested that the regional fault systems and its activities are essential factors for the development of geological hazards, which can be demonstrated by the following geological facts from the west Qinling: (1) The geological hazards generally developed along the faults as a zone or group, which often determines the intensity and spatial distribution of geological hazards. (2) The fault fractue zone and rapture zone or rock damage near faults during multiple episode deformation, can provide structural slide faces for landslide mass and debris substance for mud-debris flow. 3) The fault activities, especially earthquake activity of faults are the important induced factor for geological hazards. Therefore in studying rock fall and collapse, landslide and mud-debris flow, we should put them under the regional geological background, especially regional fault framework, fault zone structural features and fault activities, to understand its development.更多还原