【摘要】 汶川地震是中国近30年来发生的最严重巨灾。总体而言,汶川地震应急处置和救援取得了极大的成功。其中,最值得总结和分析的是抗震救灾最核心的四个机制:决策指挥机制、生命救援机制、转移安置机制和资源动员机制。抗震救灾中四个机制的运转过程,呈现出高度统一的巨灾共识、以政府为中心严密的社会组织协同和以"体制内"为核心路径动员资源三个应对巨灾的机制特征。这些特征,一方面是中国应急救灾体制在无法预设的巨灾情境下自然反应的即兴发挥,另一方面也是面临最紧迫、严重威胁下,社会基本运行机制本能遵循的行为路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wenchuan Earthquake is the worst catastrophe in China recent 30 years.In general,the emergency response and rescue in Wenchuan Earthquake is very successful.Among them,the most important experience of response catastrophe came from four core mechanisms including command and decision-making mechanism,life rescue mechanism,transfer and resettlement mechanism and resource mobilization mechanism which should be summarized and analyzed.From the four mechanisms of Wenchuan Earthquake,this article sums up three characteristics of China response mechanisms to catastrophe that are the highly unified catastrophe consensus,the rigorous organizing of the whole society centralized by governments,and in-system path of resource mobilization.These characteristics,in the one hand,came from naturally extemporaneous play of China emergency response system in the unpredictable catastrophe situation,in another hand,came from instinctive behaviour pattern of social basic operation mechanism in the urgent and serious threaten.更多还原