【摘要】 在过去30年中,降海鲑的发育得到了大量关注,研究降海鲑的发育,特别是如何调控降海鲑发育的时间和品质,以便幼鲑移入海水网箱。洄游型鲑科鱼类幼鲑向降海鲑的转变包含了一系列的行为、形态、生理的改变,这都为降海洄游进入河口做准备。降海鲑发育受几种激素的促进,包括生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子-I、皮质醇、甲状腺素,而催乳素通常会抑制发育。鳃氯细胞中特殊的离子转运蛋白(NKA、Na+/K+/Cl-协同转运蛋白和Cl-通道)丰度的增加引起盐分泌能力的提高,从而有利于降海鲑在海水中生长、游泳和存活。具银化期的鲑科鱼类(如大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)、硬头鳟(Oncorhyunchus mykiss)、银大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus kisutch)至少在淡水中生活一年,达到临界最小规格之后才可改变其对光周期的响应。如果在银化前未达到这个最小规格,则需等到下一年(或更长)。鲑科鱼类如何在一年中合适的时间确定其规格或生长率,并增加对光周期的响应性,这一重要的领域还未得到大量的关注。因此,了解降海鲑渗透生理及入海窗口期,查明不同鱼类适宜生长盐度,入海时间和方式非常重要,可为鲑科鱼类(如虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、硬头鳟等)在黄海冷水团规模化养殖提供理论支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past 30 years,the researches on the smolt development have received a lot of attentions.Because of the relationship with the aquaculture development,the original purpose of these researches is to explore the smolt development,especially to control the time and quality of the smolt development into sea cage.The parr-smolt transformation of anadromous salmonids include a suite of behavioral,morphological and physiological changes that are preparatory for downstream migration and seawater entry.Smolt development is stimulated by several hormones including growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-1,cortisol and thyroid hormones but inhibited generally by prolactin.Increase in the abundances of specific ion transporters(Na+/K+-ATPase,Na+/K+/Cl-cotransporter and apical Cl-channel)in gill ionocytes results in the increase of salt secretory capacity,growth and swimming performance in seawater and marine survival.In smolting salmonids that spend at least a year in FW(Atlantic salmon,steelhead trout,coho salmon),a minimum size must be achieved,after which the animals alter their response to photoperiod.If fish have not achieved this minimum size they will wait another year(or more)before transforming to smolts.How fish determine their size or growth rate at the appropriate time of year and translate this to increased responsiveness to daylength is an important area that has not received substantial attention.As a result,researching smolt osmophysiology and their sea entry time windows and ascertaining more optimal salinity,the way and time into sea of specific size salmonids are very important for providing theoretical supports to breeding rainbow and steelhead trout at Cold Water Mass of Yellow Sea.更多还原