【摘要】 由于围岩破坏过程的复杂性,煤矿开采诱发地震成因比天然地震成因更为复杂.结合徐州某煤矿矿震灾害实例,分析煤矿开采诱发地震的成因及矿震波的特性,提出防治矿震危害的措施;计算冒落岩石的重力势能、顶板岩石冒落时冲击气浪的能量和矿震震级,并将计算的震级与地震台网测定的结果进行比较后发现误差较小,即相对误差为3.7%.研究结果表明:矿震波形呈现周期大、衰减快以及前后无关联的特征;虽然矿震可以分为顶板冒落、顶板开裂、矿柱冲击和断层剪切等类型,但实际上大多是多种类型的复合,围岩应力分布复杂;矿震的过程就是能量的释放过程.矿震成因非常复杂,如何有效利用数值预测技术预测矿震还有待进一步研究和探讨.更多还原

【Abstract】 The mechanism of earthquake induced by coal mining (EICM) is more complicated than that of natural earthquake because of the extremely complicated procedure of the failure of the surrounding rock. Combined with an EICM example placed in a coal mine, Xuzhou, the cause of the EICM and the characteristics of the seismic wave were analyzed, and preventive measures for EICM were put forward. The potential energy produced by gravity, the energy produced by impact waves during the fall of rock of roof, and the earthquake magnitude were worked out; the calculated earthquake magnitude was compared with that measured by seismic network, and the error between them is only 3.7 percents. It shows that the wave of the EICM takes on long period, quick delay, and poor temporal relevance; an EICM was usually classified into roof collapse, roof cracking, pillar impact, but an actual EICM is almost a combination of several types, and distribution of stress on surrounding rock is extremely complicated; an EICM is in fact a procedure of relief of energy. On account of the complicated cause of EICM, further study and exploration must be continued to availably forecast EICM by numerical prediction method.更多还原