【摘要】 针对黄淮海地区化肥施用过量和肥料利用率低的问题,基于GNSS拖拉机自动导航技术和液压控制技术,提出一种小麦种行、肥行精准拟合的新模式,设计了一种小麦种肥精准拟合变量施肥控制系统。通过安装在拖拉机上的自动导航系统进行施肥作业,记录导航线和施肥作业轨迹,根据机具幅宽和肥(种)管位置分布,对施肥导航线进行平移,从而完成导航播种作业,同时记录播种导航线和播种作业轨迹,实现种行、肥行精准对行作业。小麦种行、肥行精准拟合变量施肥控制系统可以根据用户设置的目标施肥量,实时计算液压电动机目标转速,同步将目标转速指令发送给施肥控制器,控制器根据光电编码器反馈的电动机转速信号,调节电液比例阀开度,进而驱动液压电动机带动排肥执行机构进行排肥,实现液压电动机转速的闭环控制,一次完成带施、旋耕、深层条施的同步变量施用。田间试验结果表明,种、肥精准对行误差最大为6 cm,误差在3 cm以内占90%以上,完全满足黄淮海地区宽窄行种植模式下的作业需求;浅层排肥量最大误差为2. 70%,变异系数最大为0. 05;深层排肥量最大误差为7. 95%,变异系数最大为0. 08,完全满足田间试验需要。田间试验设置常规施量、减量12%施肥二水平三重复,测产结果表明,与常规施肥3 900 kg/hm~2的产量相比,减量12%施肥的产量达到3 945 kg/hm~2。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve the situation of excessive use of fertilizer and low utilization of fertilizer,a variable rate fertilization control system based on matching fertilizer line and seed line was designed.The system was composed of four modules, including electric control module, hydraulic module,mechanical module and vehicle terminal. Firstly,automatic navigation system installed on the tractor was used for navigation fertilization and navigation sowing. According to the width of the mechanism and the location of the fertilizer( seed) tube,the navigation line was shifted to match seed fertilizer line,accurately. Subsequently,according to the target value,the actual rotation speed would be determined automatically by the corresponding strategy. The experiment results showed that the field matching error was within 6 cm and more than 90% of the data points were within 3 cm. The results of field experiment showed that the errors of the fertilizer value were less than 2. 70% and the variation coefficient was less than 0. 05 at the shallow layer. The errors of the fertilizer value were less than 7. 95% and the variation coefficient was less than 0. 08 at the deep layer. In the field experiment,traditional fertilizer application zone and reduction of 12% zone were set. The corresponding yield were 3 900 kg/hm~2 and 3 945 kg/hm~2 in 2018. Compared with the traditional fertilizer application,the yield of reduction of 12% zone had no significant difference. The variable rate fertilization control system based on matching fertilizer line and seed line provided a new method to reduce the excessive uses of fertilizer for wheat growth.更多还原