【摘要】 为研究香蕉荫蔽栽培下灌溉对干热区小粒咖啡产量和品质的影响,以5 a生小粒咖啡为研究对象,通过大田试验,设3个灌水水平:充分灌水(FI)、轻度亏缺灌水(DIL:75%FI)和重度亏缺灌水(DIS:50%FI),4个荫蔽栽培模式:无荫蔽(S0:单作咖啡)、轻度荫蔽(SL:4行咖啡间作1行香蕉)、中度荫蔽(SM:3行咖啡间作1行香蕉)、重度荫蔽(SS:2行咖啡间作1行香蕉),并运用主成分分析和TOPSIS法对生豆营养品质(总糖、蛋白质、脂肪、咖啡因、绿原酸、粗纤维和水浸出物)进行综合评价。结果表明:小粒咖啡干豆产量受荫蔽栽培模式和灌水水平极显著的影响(P<0.01),其中FISM处理的干豆产量最高(5 854.34 kg/hm2),且百粒干质量最大,而该处理的百粒体积和百粒鲜质量与各处理中的最大值相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。小粒咖啡大多生豆营养品质在不同荫蔽栽培模式和灌水水平下差异显著(P<0.05),蛋白质、脂肪、绿原酸和水浸出物含量间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。主成分分析法和TOPSIS法均表明,FISS处理的综合品质最优,其次是FISM处理,而DISS0处理的最差。与FIS0相比,FISM处理的产量增加14.32%,而FISS处理减少15.69%。从小粒咖啡提质增产的综合效益考虑,建议干热区小粒咖啡灌水处理和香蕉荫蔽栽培模式的最佳组合选用中度荫蔽栽培下充分灌水,该结果可为干热区小粒咖啡水光管理提供理论依据和实践参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The yield and quality of Coffea arabica cannot be guaranteed due to irrational irrigation and light management in dry-hot region of southwest China. In order to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation on yield and quality of Coffea arabica under the shade of banana trees in dry-hot region, the local Coffea arabica(5 years) was chosen for test material. In the field experiment, 3 levels of irrigation, i.e., full irrigation(FI, which was determined by the monthly water demand data of Coffea arabica and precipitation in dry-hot region), light deficit irrigation(DIL: 75%FI) and severe deficit irrigation(DIS: 50%FI), and 4 modes of shade cultivation, i.e., no shade cultivation(S0: monoculture Coffea arabica, i.e., natural light intensity), light shade cultivation(SL: intercropping with 4 lines of Coffea arabica and 1 line of banana), moderate shade cultivation(SM: intercropping with 3 lines of Coffea arabica and 1 line of banana) and severe shade cultivation(SS: intercropping with 2 lines of Coffea arabica and 1 line of banana) were designed. Principal component analysis and TOPSIS method were used to evaluate total sugar, protein, fat, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, crude fiber and water extracts content of Coffea arabica comprehensively. The results showed that the dry bean yield of Coffea arabica was significantly different under different shade cultivation modes and irrigation levels(P<0.05), and there were the highest dry bean yield(5 854.34 kg/hm2) and the highest dry mass of 100-bean of Coffea arabica in the FISM treatment. But FISM was not significantly different with the FISS treatment(P>0.05)in the volume and fresh mass of 100-bean of Coffea arabica. The effects of irrigation level on total sugar content of Coffea arabica were not significant(P>0.05), and that of interaction between irrigation level and shade cultivation mode on fat and crude fibre content were also not significant(P>0.05). However, the effects of their interaction on total sugar, protein, caffeine, chlorogenic acid and water extract content of Coffea arabica were extremely significant(P<0.01). There were higher content of total sugar, protein, fat, chlorogenic acid and water extracts content of Coffea arabica of FISM treatment,while lower content of caffeine and crude fiber. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were extremely significant positive correlation between protein, fat, chlorogenic acid and water extracts content of Coffea arabica, while significant negative correlation between crude fiber and total sugar, protein, fat, chlorogenic acid and water extracts content of Coffea arabica, respectively. Based on both principal component analysis and TOPSIS method, the best comprehensive quality of Coffea arabica was FISS treatment, the next was FISM treatment, and the poorest comprehensive quality was DISS0 treatment. Compared with the FIS0 treatment, total sugar, protein, chlorogenic acid, water extracts content and dry bean yield of FISM treatment increased by 6.11%, 10.79%, 40.58%, 9.95% and 14.32%, respectively, while protein, chlorogenic acid and water extracts content of FISS treatment increased by 19.88%, 43.10% and 11.94%, respectively, dry bean yield decreased by 15.69%.Considering the comprehensive benefit of high production and superior quality, the suitable combination of irrigation treatment and banana shade cultivation mode for Coffea arabica was full irrigation under moderate shade cultivation(FISM). To summarize, the results of the study could provide guidance for irrigation and light management of Coffea arabica in dry-hot region of southwest China.更多还原