【摘要】 为提高盐碱化监测和防治的针对性和精准性,该文选取与盐碱化形成有关的土壤质地、蒸降比、地下水矿化度、土地利用程度、盐碱化历史敏感性,以及与盐碱化扩散有关的地貌、数字高程(digital elevation model, DEM)、植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)、坡度、土壤质地等因子,借助BP神经网格、最小阻力模型、灰色关联度、叠加法和空间分析法,开展黑龙江省土地盐碱化监测区域识别,研究结果表明,1)黑龙江盐碱地监测区面积为2 981.72万hm~2,占研究区的67.10%,其中高、中、低级别监测区占区域面积的20.18%、14.68%、32.23%;2)盐碱地监测级别总体呈现西部>东部>中部、北部、南部,高级别和中级别监测区主要分布在松嫩平原西部、西南部和北部以及三江平原东北部地区,低级别监测区主要分布在松嫩平原东部、三江平原南部、东南部山地区。研究结果及过程为土地盐碱化监测与防治提供了科学依据和方法参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of the study was to improve the pertinence and accuracy of salinization monitoring and control. The main data sources for this paper include agricultural land classification database, 1:500 000 spatial distribution data of saline-alkali land, China earth international exchange station climate data daily value sata set(V3.0), 1:1 000 000 soil database data, 1:1 000 000 spatial distribution data of soil texture in China, land change survey database and other data of Heilongjiang Province. With the support of the above data, on the one hand, research starts from the connotation of land salinization, filtered out land risk assessment factor from numerous factors, include landform, soil texture, evaporation and precipitation ratio, groundwater mineralization, regional sensitivity, land use level, the relationship between land salinization and its correlation was analyzed by the grey correlation model, and used the grey correlation model to analyze the correlation between these factors and land salinization, in order to verify the rationality of the selection of indicators, based on this, carry out grid training and accuracy test, formed land salinization assessment model. On the one hand, started from the extension of land salinization, screened out the resistance factors of soil salinization diffusion or migration, and constructed a resistance surface, used the minimal cumulative resistance model to evaluate the risk pattern of land salinization landscape. After the above work was completed, then with the help of ArcGIS spatial analysis function, superimposed the evaluation results of land salinization danger and land salinization landscape risk pattern, Formed land salinization type zones and monitoring levels. This paper takes Heilongjiang Province as an example to apply the method, the main research results were summarized as follows: 1) In terms of the salinity danger of the land, the land salinization danger of the salinity risk of severe and above land were mainly distributed in the southwestern part of the Songnen Plain, moderately distributed in the north-central part of the Songnen Plain and the northeastern part of the Sanjiang Plain. The light and below were mainly distributed in the great and small xing’an ridge and the southeastern mountainous areas. Eastern Songnen Plain and Southern Sanjiang Plain. 2) In terms of risk pattern, the severe and above were not only distributed in the central and northern parts of the Songnen Plain, but also in the central and northern parts of the Songnen Plain. In addition, there were also a small distribution in the northeastern and southeastern mountain areas of the Sanjiang Plain; moderately except in the Songnen Plain. The northern part and the northeastern part of the Sanjiang Plain were distributed, in the Middle and Central South of the Songnen Plain, the central and western parts of the Sanjiang Plain, and the southeastern mountain areas were also distributed; the mild and the following risk patterns were mainly distributed in the great and Small Xing’an Ridge, in addition to Sanjiang there was a small distribution on the southern edge of the plains and southeastern mountains. 3) The monitoring level of salinization in Heilongjiang Province showed the overall pattern of the west > east > central, northern and southern regions, the high-level and medium-level monitoring areas were mainly distributed in the western, southwestern, northern parts of the Songnen Plain, and the northeastern part of the Sanjiang Plain, the low-level monitoring areas were mainly distributed in the eastern part of the Songnen Plain, in the south of the Sanjiang Plain, and in the southeastern mountain areas, non-monitoring areas were mainly distributed in the large and Small Xing’an Mountains. The conclusion is that the land salinization monitoring area identification technology based on the risk and landscape ecological risk pattern takes into account the connotation of salinization and the extension of salinization, which provides scientific basis for the monitoring and prevention of land salinization.更多还原