【摘要】 为控制堆肥过程中产生的臭气,开展了3种不同通风方式下的猪粪和秸秆堆肥试验,通过连续监测堆肥过程中氨气、硫化氢、总挥发性有机物（total volatile organic compounds,TVOCs）和二甲二硫、二甲三硫排放浓度的变化,优化堆肥通风方式。研究表明,在鼓风5 min间隔30 min、鼓风5 min间隔15 min和连续通风下,硫化氢和TVOCs的最大排放质量浓度和体积分数分别为29.4、18.9和10.3 mg/m³以及420.3×10^-6、382.7×10^-6和326.5×10^-6,每千克干物料硫化氢和TVOCs累积排放量分别为14.3、13.5、31.5 mg/kg以及1.26、2.00和6.08 L/kg;二甲二硫和二甲三硫的最大排放质量浓度分别为1 730.1、3 646.2和3 971.8 ng/L以及991.4、6 678.8和1 883.4 ng/L,每千克干物料中二甲二硫和二甲三硫的累积排放量分别为1.5、4.3和10.6 mg/kg以及0.37、4.37和4.94 mg/kg,增加通风频次有助于降低硫化氢和TVOCs的最高排放浓度,但会增加堆肥过程中硫化氢、TVOCs以及二甲二硫和二甲三硫的累积排放量,增加环境危害程度。该试验以降低臭气累积排放量为工艺优化目标,发现通风5min,间隔30min是最佳通风方式。研究结果可为有机肥生产过程中臭气的控制提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 During composting, a large number of odorous substances were produced, mainly containing ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and TVOCs（total volatile organic compounds）. In order to control the odor produced during the composting process, composting experiment of pig manure and straw under different ventilation modes was carried out. The experiment has 3 treatments with the ventilation intensity of 0.1 m³/（min·m³）, ventilated 5 min every other 30 min（T1）, ventilated 5 min every other 15 min（T2）, continuous ventilation（T3） in a forced ventilation device with 50 L compost materials. Pig manure and straw were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2. The C/N ratio of the composting materials was 29 and moisture content was 63%. The static chamber method was used to monitor the emission concentration of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, TVOCs, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide during the composting. Data acquisition was started after 25 minutes of ventilation in T1, after 10 minutes of ventilation in T2, and data acquisition completed within 5 minutes. The optimal ventilation mode for reducing odor in composting was studied. The study showed that under the 3 treatments, the maximum emission concentration of ammonia in compost exceeded 150 mg/m³ for 22, 20 and 9 days; The maximum emission concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were 29.4, 18.89 and 10.3 mg/m³; The maximum emission volume fractions of TVOCs were 420.3×10^-6, 382.7×10^-6 and 326.5 ×10^-6; The maximum emission concentrations of dimethyl disulfide were 1 730.1, 3 646.2 and 3 971.8 ng/L; The maximum emission concentrations of dimethyl trisulfate were 991.4, 6 678.8 and 1 883.4 ng/L, respectively. At the same time, the cumulative emissions of hydrogen sulfide per kilogram of dry pig manure and straw were 14.3, 13.5, 31.5 mg; The cumulative emissions of TVOCs per kilogram of dry materials were 1.26, 2.00 and 6.08 L/kg; The cumulative emissions of dimethyl disulfide per kilogram of dry materials were 1.5, 4.3 and 10.6 mg/kg; The cumulative emissions of dimethyl trisulfate per kilogram of dry materials were 0.37, 4.37 and 4.94 mg/kg, respectively. Increasing the frequency of ventilation during composting can reduce the maximum concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and TVOCs. However, high frequency ventilation can increase the cumulative emissions of hydrogen sulfide, TVOCs, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, compared with the concentration of odor emission, the cumulative amount of odor emission can better characterize the degree of odor harm to the environment. In this experiment, the reduction of cumulative odor emissions was used as the optimization objective. It was found that the optimal ventilation modes was ventilated 5 min every other 30 min. This study provides a reference for controlling odor in organic fertilizer production by changing ventilation mode.更多还原