【摘要】 为了解牦牛基因组和转录组研究现状,以"牦牛、基因组、转录组和高通量测序"为关键词,对2012—2018年的研究进展进行文献检索。研究发现:在牦牛基因组研究方面,已有研究对牦牛基因组进行了首次测序和重测序分析,构建了基因组"草图"和变异图谱,比较了家、野牦牛及与其他物种间全基因组水平上的异同,阐释了牦牛高原适应的遗传学机制,探究了牦牛的驯化和群体历史发展动态,初步揭示了牦牛与普通牛种间杂交渐渗状况,并对部分性状(如角、多肋性状)进行了全基因组关联分析和遗传机理揭示;在牦牛转录组研究方面,已有研究对牦牛睾丸、卵巢、心脏等多个组织器官及不同发育阶段的卵母细胞和胚胎细胞进行了转录组分析,发掘出一批潜在的与牦牛经济性状及一些生物学变化相关的差异表达基因。为推动牦牛分子育种进程,应进一步利用高通量测序技术获得牦牛大数据,继续完善牦牛全基因组结构。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the progress of yak genome and transcriptome,literatures related to yak genome and transcriptome researches over 2012-2018 were summarized in this paper by using "yak,genome,transcriptome and high throughput sequencing" as keywords.The results showed: On the aspect of genome,the genome of yak was sequenced for the first time in 2012 and subsequently re-sequenced.The yak genome "sketch frame" and the corresponding genetic variations profile were constructed.The genome similarities and differences between the domestic yak,wild yak and other species were compared.The genetic mechanism of yak plateau adaptation was explained,and the domestication and demographic history of domestic yak were explored.The adaptation introgression between yak and cattle,and the genetic mechanism of some traits(i.e.horns and multi-ribs traits) in yak also were revealed.The whole genome association analysis in yak was used;On the aspect of yak transcriptome study,the transcriptional analysis of the testis,ovary and heart etc.,as well as the oocyte and embryo cells of the yak were carried out to discover a number of potential differentially expressed genes(DEGs) related to the economic traits and some biological changes.Future work should focus on Big Data obtained by high throughput sequencing technology to assist yak molecular breeding.更多还原