【摘要】 干旱是吉林省春玉米生长发育阶段面临的主要农业气象灾害,如何合理地进行灌溉,减轻干旱缺水造成的不利影响,是吉林省春玉米生产中急需解决的问题之一。本研究利用气象、土壤等数据资料,对WOFOST模型进行了修订;利用修订的WOFOST模型,模拟了不同干旱条件下,不同的复水方案对玉米生长发育以及产量的影响,结果表明:修订的WOFOST模型在干旱条件下对春玉米的叶面积、地上部分干物质重以及产量具有较好的模拟效果。干旱复水模拟结果显示,在拔节-抽雄和抽雄-乳熟阶段,随着干旱程度的加剧,榆树和白城两地的玉米地上部分干物质重和产量的损失都随之增加;相同的复水方案下,榆树地区的春玉米地上部分干物质重和产量损失要小于白城地区;抽雄-乳熟阶段的干旱对春玉米的产量影响更大。从复水方案上来看,连续复水方案整体上要优于一次性复水方案,并且干旱过程中的及时、足量复水对春玉米抵御干旱、减少产量损失具有重要的作用。研究结果表明,WOFOST模型在农业干旱和灌溉模拟方面也具有较好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Drought is the main agro-meteorological disaster in growth and development stage of spring maize in Jilin Province.It is urgent to take measures to irrigate reasonably and reduce the adverse effects of drought for spring maize production in Jilin Province.In this study,the WOFOST model was revised using data such as meteorological and soil data.The effects of different rewatering schemes on maize growth and yield under different drought conditions were simulated by using the modified WOFOST model.The results showed that the modified WOFOST model had good simulation effect on leaf area,dry matter weight,and yield of spring maize under drought condition.The simulated results of drought and rewatering showed that during the stage of jointing-tasseling and tasseling-milky maturity,the loss of dry matter weight and yield of maize for Yushu and Baicheng increased with the increase of drought degree.Under the same rewatering scheme,the dry matter weight and yield loss of the spring maize in Yushu were smaller than that in Baicheng.The drought in the stage of tasseling-milky maturity had a greater effect on the yield of spring maize.From aspect of the rewatering scheme,the continuous rewatering scheme as a whole was better than the onetime rewatering scheme,and the timely and sufficient rewatering in the process of drought played an important role in resisting drought and reducing yield loss of spring maize.This study implied that WOFOST model has good application prospect in agricultural drought and irrigation simulation.更多还原