【摘要】 水质现状监测对水环境影响评价、水环境治理具有重要作用。目前,水质现状监测数据存在监测频率低、监测难度大、影响因素复杂及信息化程度低等问题。为此,采用了分布式水文模型对水质监测数据进行补足,并追根溯源分析污染物来源。以都匀市剑江河流域为例,基于水文气象、下垫面数据及仅有的2010-2014年的四个断面不同步的水质数据,建立SWAT分布式水文模型模拟总磷污染物。结果表明,使用分布式水文模型不仅可以补足剑江河流域四个监测断面同期的总磷数据,还可以追根溯源得出该流域总磷污染主要来源于面源污染,同时可以分析出面源污染的空间分布情况以及不同污染类别的占比,该流域中肥料流失为主要污染源,尤其是丰水年的污染占比高达近66%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water quality monitoring plays a significant role in water environment impact assessment and water environment management.The current water quality monitoring data have the following problems:low monitoring frequency,difficulties in monitoring,complexity of influencing factors,and low level of informatization.To make up for the above disadvantages,we used the distributed hydrological model to supplement the water quality monitoring data and trace the source of pollutants.A case study was conducted in the Jianjiang River basin.We established a SWAT model to simulate the total phosphorus pollutants based on the hydrometeorology,the underlying surface data,and the water quality data of four sections from 2010 to 2014.Results indicated that the distributed hydrological model can not only complement the total phosphorus data of the four monitoring sections in the same period,but also trace the source of total phosphorus pollution in this basin to non-point source pollution,and reveal the spatial distribution of the non-point source pollution and the proportions of different pollution categories.Fertilizer loss is the main pollution source in this basin,particularly in wet years,in which it accounted for up to 66% of pollution.更多还原