【摘要】 生态补偿是实现环境保护的重要经济手段,而合理的生态补偿标准是保障补偿政策可行和有效的关键。以水稻生产为例,在选择实验的设计中纳入了生态效益的考量,借助Multinomial Logit(MNL)模型实证分析了农户对耕地面源污染治理补偿方案的受偿意愿,基于此测算了兼顾社会支出最小化原则和农户利益诉求的生态补偿标准。实证结果显示:(1)补偿金对农户耕地面源污染治理参与意愿具有显著激励作用。耕地面源污染治理补偿标准为:化肥、农药分别减施1%的补偿标准是63.15元/公顷·年和49.65元/公顷·年;化肥农药施用量改善到国际平均水平和有机生产水平的补偿标准分别为7 544.40元/公顷·年和11 280.60元/公顷·年。(2)具有户主身份、年轻、受教育程度高、种植规模小、兼业化程度高、耕地面源污染治理生态效益认知程度高、偏好风险以及耕地面源污染治理政策措施了解程度高等特征的农户,更愿意参与耕地面源污染治理生态补偿。据此建议:将农户参与纳入耕地面源污染补偿政策制定环节,补偿标准核算应充分考虑农户经济损失和生态效益,借助各种现代媒体有针对性地向家庭中有话语权的农民进行环保宣传和教育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecological compensation is an important economic mode to control the non-point pollution(NSP) of cultivated land The reasonable compensation standard is the key to whether the compensation policy is feasible and effective Taking rice production as an example, this paper used a choice experiment to measure farmers’ minimum willingness to accept(WTA) which incorporating ecological benefits in controlling cultivated land NSP Based on this, we further measured the ecological compensation standard by the Multinomial Logit Model(MNL) The empirical results show that:(1) the compensation standard for 1% reduction of fertilizer and pesticide application is 63.15 yuan/(ha*year) and 49.65 yuan/(ha*year), respectively; the compensation standard for the improvement of fertilizer and pesticide application to the international average level and the organic production level is 7 544.40 yuan/(ha*year) and 11 280.60 yuan/(ha*year), respectively.(2) Farmers with the characteristics of head of household, young, highly educated, small planting scale, high degree of concurrent industry, high awareness of ecological benefits of NSP, high preference risk and high understanding of policies for NSP controlling are more willing to participate in ecological compensation. According to these results, we put forward suggestions: firstly, incorporating farmers’ participation into the formulation of compensation policies for cultivated land NSP; fully considering farmers’ economic losses and ecological benefits in the calculation of compensation standards; carrying out environmental protection propaganda and education to farmers who have the right to speak in their families with the help of various modern media.更多还原