【摘要】 本文构建农业要素错配与产出变动的分析框架,基于1978—2015年省级面板数据,利用空间误差模型核算了中国农业要素产出弹性,并考察了各地区的农业要素错配程度及其对农业产出的影响。研究结果表明:(1)资本要素错配在东部、中部和西部地区表现出先改善后加深再改善的趋势,而在东北地区不断改善。劳动要素错配在东部、中部和西部地区不断缓解,在东北地区则未发生明显变化。土地要素在东部地区配置相对不足,在西部地区投入相对过度,且各地区的土地要素错配均未得到明显"纠正"。(2)从产出变动的视角看,1978—2015年,资本、劳动和土地要素错配对中国农业产出变动的平均影响分别为0.02%、0.05%和-0.10%。从产出损失的视角看,农业要素错配造成中国农业产出年均5%的损失且不断增加。最后本文认为,优化地区间农业资源利用效率、推动农业要素市场化配置,对减少农业产出损失具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper constructs an analysis framework of factor misallocation and the loss of agricultural output,analyzes the output elasticity of agricultural factors by Spatial Error Model,and then discusses the impact of agricultural factor misallocation on the agricultural output loss,using the provincial panel data from 1978 to 2015. The results show that:( 1) The misallocaition of capital shows a tendency of easing,deepening later and easing again in the eastern,central and western regions,and improving in the northeast region. The misallocation of labor relaxes in the eastern,central and western regions,and shows no obvious change in the northeast region. The allocation of land in the eastern region is insufficient relatively and is excessive in the western region,and the misallocation in all regions has not been"corrected".( 2) From the perspective of change of output,the capital,labor and land have an annual average impact on agricultural output from 1978 to 2015,with 0. 02 %,0. 05 % and-0. 10 % respectively. Optimizing the utilization efficiency of inter-regional resources and promoting the market-oriented allocation of agricultural factors are of great significance to reducing output losses.更多还原