【摘要】 为探讨聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)材料的全生物降解地膜的降解过程及其对番茄产量和土壤环境的影响,采用田间试验的方法,在南疆对比分析了PBAT型全生物降解地膜(降解膜)和普通聚乙烯地膜(CK)的降解性能及其对土壤温湿度、土壤养分及番茄产量的影响。结果表明,降解膜的降解过程为先出现裂纹,然后裂纹变长,覆膜100 d左右50%膜面无肉眼可见地膜。6—7月降解膜降解率较小,介于4.92%～17.99%,8月较大,为63.03%;而CK在整个生育期未出现降解。降解膜处理的番茄产量较CK减少941.67 kg·hm-2,减产率2.60%,但处理间产量差异不显著。整个生育期,降解膜膜下5、15 cm和25 cm土层平均土温分别较CK低0.73、0.60℃和0.54℃,处理间无显著差异(P>0.05);膜下5 cm和25 cm土层降解膜处理平均土壤含水率分别较CK高2.84个百分点和3.54个百分点,而膜下15 cm土层较CK低13.15个百分点,处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层,番茄生育期两处理的土壤养分差异均不显著。研究表明,降解膜降解性能良好,对番茄产量和土壤养分等指标的影响与CK相当,以降解膜代替普通地膜应用于番茄生产具有一定可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to further explore the polyadipic acid/butylene terephthalate(PBAT)materials of the degradation process and the influence on tomato yields and the soil environment, a field experiment in southern Xinjiang, China was conducted to analyze the influence of PBAT(biodegradable mulch film)and the ordinary polyethylene film(CK)on tomato production, soil temperature, humidity and nutrients.Results showed that the degradation process of biodegradable mulch film started with cracks, and then the cracks became longer. About50% of the soil surface was without visible mulch film when covered with film for 100 days. From June to July, the degradation rate of biodegradable mulch film was low, between 4.92%～17.99%, and then higher in August at 63.03%. The CK did not degrade during the entire tomato growth period. Compared with CK, the yield of biodegradable mulch film treatment decreased by 941.67 kg·hm-2 and the yield decreased by 2.60%, but there was no significant difference in yield between the two treatments. For the entire tomato growth period, the average soil temperature in biodegradable mulch film treatment under soil layers of 5, 15 cm and 25 cm was lower than those of CK at 0.73,0.60 ℃ and 0.60 ℃, respectively(P>0.05). The average soil moisture under 5 cm and 25 cm was 2.84% and 3.54% higher than CK(P>0.05), while at 15 cm it was 13.15% lower than CK(P>0.05). In the soil layers of 0～20 cm and 20～40 cm, there was no significant difference in soil nutrients between the two treatments during the tomato growth period. It was found that the degradation performance of biodegradable mulch film was good, and the effect on tomato yield, soil nutrients and other indicators was similar to that of CK. Therefore, it is feasible to use biodegradable mulch film instead of plastic film in tomato production.更多还原