【摘要】 基于2005—2015年我国18个省、自治区和直辖市测土配方施肥工作143个水稻"3414肥料田间试验"期刊论文数据,对气象条件、最佳产量和最佳施肥量三种施肥参数的关系进行了分析。结果表明:单因素和多因素分析均表明水稻最佳产量、最佳施氮量随着温度和降水量增加而降低,呈现北高南低空间分布格局;水稻最佳施磷量无空间规律性;单因素分析表明水稻最佳施钾量存在北低南高空间分布格局;单因素和多因素分析均表明氮和磷、磷和钾具有交互作用;多因素分析表明磷同时与氮、钾具有交互性。研究表明,不同地区水稻氮、磷和钾平均最佳施肥量为180、90、90 kg·hm-2,应根据土壤性质、种植密度和管理措施等进行适当微调,在实际生产过程中,氮和磷需要配施,磷和钾需要配施,在施用磷时需要同时配施氮、钾。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, based on the data from the periodicals on "3414 Fertilizer Field Experiments" related to 143 soil tests and fertilizer recommendation projects conducted during 2005—2015 in 18 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, the relationship between meteorological conditions, optimal yield, and optimal fertilizer parameters was analyzed. The single factor and multifactor analyses revealed that both the optimal production and optimal N amount of rice decreased with the increase in temperature and precipitation, thus following the law of north high and south low pattern. Furthermore, a spatial pattern of the optimal P amount in rice did not exist. The single factor analysis revealed that the optimal K amount in rice followed the law of north low and south high pattern; The single factor and multifactor analyses revealed the interactions between N and P, and P and K. In addition, the multifactor analysis showed that P simultaneously interacts with N and K. The main conclusions were as follows: The average optimum fertilization amounts of N, P, and K for rice in different regions were 180, 90 kg hm-2 and 90 kg hm-2, respectively, which must be varied on the basis of soil properties, planting density, and management measures. In the actual production process, each N and P, P and K must be combined; simultaneously, N and K must be applied when P is applied.更多还原