【摘要】 在现存明清一类以罗洪先《广舆图》为代表的中国古代传统舆图中,四川政区往往画出一个巨大的湖泊—马湖,大致与湖广境内的洞庭湖、江西境内的鄱阳湖的水域面积相当,在长江水系的几个主要湖泊中显得格外引人注目,且与代表黄河源的"星宿海"有一一对应出现的关系,这一现象在地图史上颇具典型性,笔者称之为"马湖现象"。经研究发现,马湖作为一个大湖出现在地图上,主要集中在明代,尤其以受到罗洪先《广舆图》影响的中外系列地图最为显著,承继了元代朱思本《舆地图》对黄河源参照物的特殊表现形式,即出现马湖与星宿海(黄河源)的对应关系。笔者认为:马湖被夸大的主要原因在于元明以来马湖所属政区、聚居民族与水陆交通道路的重要性;地图史上的"马湖现象",实际反映了元明以来地理学家们对黄河源与长江源孜孜不倦的探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is a kind of Chinese ancient traditional maps or atlas of Ming-Qing Dynasties has been housed in China and the abroad,especially,on the map of Sichuan province represented by the atlas of Guang Yu Tu which was edited by Luo Hongxian,the Mahu Lake was drawn huger than its reality.The Lake even appeared almost the same big as the Dongting Lake in Huguang province and as the Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province,thus lakes were the biggest ones of Yangzi River on these maps.The huge Mahu Lake also existed with the Xing Xiuhai Lake on the same map,while the Xing Xiuhai Lake was drawn a symbol for Yellow River Fountainhead.The author defines the above as "the Phenomenon of Huge Mahu Lake on the History of Cartography".The author thinks that the huge Mahu Lake was drawn on the Chinese ancient and foreign maps or atlas mostly appeared in Ming Dynasty,which infected by the atlas of Luo Hongxian’s Guang Yu Tu.And this cartographical phenomenon inherited the famous map of Yu Di Tu edited by Zhu Siben in Yuan Dynasty,who might want to direct the place of Yellow River Fountainhead according to the Huge Mahu Lake.The main reasons may be the importance of Mahu area,the nationalities lived and the traffic roads.Most importantly,the phenomenon gives the trace that the geographers tried to discover the fountainheads of Yangzi River and Yellow River since Yuan-Ming Dynasties.更多还原