【摘要】 在《土地复垦规定》颁布实施30周年之际,回顾了土地复垦与生态重建的相关政策法规文件、理论和技术成果、科研成果以及人才培养情况;重点阐述了对土地复垦有里程碑作用的法规,介绍了3个独特技术原理的研究进展,对监测诊断、采煤沉陷地治理、煤矸石山生态修复、露天矿复垦等方面的技术进行了述评,并从科技获奖、学术论文和研究生培养等方面给予了定量分析。从最基本的名词概念和发展历史阶段划分等基本问题的反思入手,重点对"谁破坏、谁复垦"的基本原则、复垦责任、复垦资金、复垦监管机制等土地复垦的政策与监管进行了反思,并分别对露天矿、沉陷地、煤矸石山等损毁土地复垦技术进行了反思。最后,对我国土地复垦与生态重建进行展望,认为未来研究的重点是:监测诊断技术、边采边复技术、高质量耕地复垦技术、系统的生态修复技术、关闭矿山的生态修复技术和生态修复监管技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the Stipulation on Land Reclamation being issued for 30 years,the paper reviewed the related policies,regulations,and achievements on theory,technology and education in the field of land reclamation and ecological restoration.Some mile-stone regulations and three particular theory and principle on mined land reclantion were introduced.It reviewed the progress of some techniques,such as monitoring and diagnoses,subsidend land reclamation,ecological restoration of coal waste piles and surface mined land reclamation.Some quantitative data on scientific and technology awards,published papers and training students in the field of land reclamation in the passed thirty years were also introduced in this paper.Based on the rethinking of the conception of reclamation and historic phases of reclamation,some important issues on policies and supervision,such as principle,responsibility,funds,regulatory mechanisms of land reclamation were rethought in this paper.The proplems on current reclamation technology for surface and underground coal mines were presented.Finally,the paper prospected some important techniques,such as monitoring and diagnosing,current mining and reclamation,prime farmland reclamation,eco-system restoration,abandoned mined land reclamation and supervision and management.更多还原