【摘要】 随着核技术在各行业的广泛应用,低放射性废水的产生量逐渐增多,然而目前大多数放射性废水传统的处理方法均存在各自的缺点.因此,采用活性炭与反渗透(RO)膜联合处理低放射性废水不仅可以提高放射性核素的去除效率,而且能降低经济成本.选取多种材质的活性炭作对比,通过实验获得原始废液与活性炭的最佳单位体积质量比、活性炭与废液两相接触的最佳时间以及活性炭吸附与RO膜处理的原始废液的最优pH范围.结果表明,木质、椰壳以及炭质3种活性炭中木质活性炭对放射性核素的吸附效果最佳,其与废液最佳的单位体积质量比为250 g/L,木质活性炭与RO膜联合处理方法的最佳废水原液pH范围均为0～1,活性炭与废水两相接触最佳时间为1 h左右.木质活性炭与RO膜在最佳的条件下联合处理低放射性废水,所得结果中的U、Th、总α以及总β的去除率分别为95.27%、99.61%、99.89%、99.41%.更多还原

【Abstract】 With the wide application of nuclear technology in various industries, the production of low-level radioactive wastewater is increasing. However, most of the traditional treatment of radioactive wastewater have their own shortcomings. But the way of combining the activated carbon with reverse osmosis(RO) membrane not only improves the removal efficiency of radionuclides but also reduces economic costs. Firstly, different materials of activated carbon are selected for comparison. Through experiments, the best unit volume-to-mass ratio of raw waste liquid to activated carbon, the best time for two-phase contact between activated carbon and waste liquid, and the best pH range of raw waste liquid adsorbed by activated carbon and reverse osmosis membrane are obtained. The results showed that among the three kinds of activated carbon, wood, coconut shell and carbon, wood-based activated carbon had thebest adsorption effect on radionuclides. The best unit volume mass ratio of wood-based activated carbon to waste liquid was 250 g/L, the best pH range of wastewater stock solution was 0～1 for wood-based activated carbon and reverse osmosis membrane, and the best time for two-phase contact between activated carbon and waste water was about 1 h. The removal rates of U, Th, total α and total β in the combined treatment of low-level radioactive wastewater with wood activated carbon and reverse osmosis membrane were 95.27%, 99.61%, 99.89% and 99.41% respectively.更多还原