【摘要】 砂岩—泥岩及灰岩—泥岩等软硬相间的缓倾角层状岩体边坡呈现多台阶倒梯形特征.运用地貌学方法揭示了缓倾角层状岩体边坡链式演化规律,包括危岩块从坡脚向坡顶逐渐形成、崩落演化的微观链和从边坡临空面逐渐向山体内部阶段性后退的宏观链,可分为仅有一个宏观链的简单模式和多个宏观链同时存在的复合嵌套模式.泥岩和砂岩、灰岩等软硬岩石之间的差异风化孕发了陡崖底部的岩腔,内部泥岩的应力风化加速了岩腔发育.岩腔是链式演化规律的源动力,将边坡链式演化机制分为岩腔形成机制、基座压裂破坏机制和危岩坠落机制.基于极限平衡理论建立了第一个微观链危岩体后部主控结构面顶端开裂与岩腔深度之间的量化关系.更多还原

【Abstract】 For rock slopes with gentle dip strata composed of sandstone and carbonite with mudstone alternately,anti-ladder-shaped landforms with steps were discovered.In accordance with geomorphological principles,chained developing patterns for rock slopes were promulgated.The pattern was composed of the macro-chain and micro-chain.To one macro-chain,the face of the cliff retreated backward close by the face of the cliff;to one micro-chain,perilous rock blocks avalanches one by one from the foot to the top of the cliff.The pattern was classfied into two types,one named the simple model with only one macro-chain, and another named the complex model with macro-chains.Different weathering velocities for sandstone, carbonite and mudstone triggered rock cells in mudstone below cliffs,weathering in stress status sped up the development of rock cells.Rock cell provided the power for the mechanism of chained developing pattern and the mechanism included three types,i.e.formation mechanism for rock cells,rupture mechanism of bedbase under pressure and falling mechanism for perilous rocks.To the first micro-chain in any macro-chain,the formula between the aperture at the top of control fissure in perilous rock and the length of rock cell was established through the limit equilibrium theory.更多还原