【摘要】 海岸线及海岸带景观格局的演变,既是海岸带环境演变的直观体现,也是对各种动力作用的响应。人类的开发活动能影响海岸带的生态环境。通过计算和分析海岸线与海岸带的一些度量指标,如海岸线长度、海岸线分形维数、海岸线开发利用强度、景观格局指数和人为干扰强度等,能反映出海岸线和海岸带景观对人类活动强度的响应状态。利用空间分辨率为30 m的1990年、2000年、2010年、2015年的Landsat TM/ETM/OLI影像,提取了深圳市1990年以来的4个时期的海岸线和海岸带景观要素信息,计算出海岸线和海岸带景观格局的度量指标,并对其进行了分析。研究结果表明,1990年以来,深圳市海岸线发生了明显的变化,且西部海岸变化大于东部海岸,与1990年相比,2015年深圳市的海岸线长度增加了46.61 km;人类的开发活动会造成海岸线长度、形态、类型等方面的变化,海岸线长度分别与海岸线分形维数、海岸线开发利用强度和人为干扰强度显著正相关;随着时间推移,4个时期的深圳市海岸带景观格面积和蔓延度指数一直在增加,边缘密度、景观形状指数和香农多样性指数在减小,平均分形维数小幅增大;人类开发活动造成了深圳市海岸带景观异质性降低,景观格局向规则化、结构简单化和边缘化程度降低方向发展;1990年以来,深圳市海岸带的人为干扰强度在逐渐增强,中高、高干扰强度的人类活动由中西部逐渐向四周扩散。更多还原

【Abstract】 The evolution of landscape patterns coastline and coastal zone are not only the direct reflection of coastal environment evolution, but also the response to various dynamic effects. Human development activities in coastal zone affect the ecological environment of the coastal zones. By calculating and analyzing some indexes of coastline and coastal zone, the response state of coastline and coastal zone landscape to human activity intensity could be reflected. These indicators including coastline lengths, coastline fractal dimensions,coastline development and utilization intensity, landscape patterns index and interference intensity of human activities, etc. The landscape information of the coastline and coastal zone in Shenzhen city in 1990, 2000,2010 and 2015 was extracted in this paper. The measurement indexes of landscape patterns of the coastline and coastal zone were calculated and analyzed. The main results showed that the coastline of Shenzhen city has undergone obvious changes and the change of the west coastal zone was greater than that of the east coastal zone since 1990. Compared with that in 1990, the coastline length of Shenzhen city increased by 46.61 km in 2015. Human development activities in coastal zone would cause the changes in coastline length, shape,type and other aspects. Coastline length were affected by coastline fractal dimensions, coastline development and utilization intensity and interference intensity of human activities. During the 4 periods, total area of landscape and contagion index of the coastal zone in Shenzhen city have been increasing, edge density, landscape shape index and Shannon’s diversity index have been decreasing, and the average fractal dimension has increased slightly. Human development activities in the coastal zone have reduced the heterogeneity of the landscape of the coastal zone in Shenzhen city, and the landscape pattern was developing towards regularization,simplification of structure and reduction of marginalization. Since 1990, the interference intensity of human activities in the coastal zone in Shenzhen city has been gradually increasing, and the human activities of medium-high and high-interference intensity gradually spread from the central and western regions to the surrounding areas.更多还原