【摘要】 由于气候变化、人类活动等原因,黄河三角洲水文连通受到严重影响,湿地功能逐渐弱化,生物多样性水平日益下降。2017年7月,研究了黄河三角洲潮汐区、恢复区和黄河中的浮游生物群落组成及结构特征;量化了各区域的水文连通度和各水文节点所在水体斑块的斑块重要值。根据浮游生物群落组成多样性和水文连通的斑块重要值两类定量化指标,在黄河三角洲典型湿地区[包括大汶流潮汐区(DT)、大汶流恢复区(DR)、黄河口潮汐区(HT)、黄河口恢复区(HR)和黄河(YR)],筛选出需要优先恢复的14个水文节点,包括6个Ⅰ级优先恢复节点(DT2、DT6、DR1、DR4、DR6和DR10)和8个Ⅱ级优先恢复节点(HT1、HR1、HR3、HR4、YR1、YR2、YR5和YR6);同时,对各优先恢复节点提出了相应的恢复措施,例如,对于恢复区内的6个优先恢复节点(DR4、DR6、DR10、HR1、HR3和HR4),可以利用多种植物组合构建人工浮岛;对于黄河内的4个优先恢复节点(YR1、YR2、YR5和YR6),可以在其周围或岸边种植香蒲(Typha orientalis)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria)等挺水植物,以去除水体和沉积物中的氮和磷,从而提高黄河中的浮游植物和浮游动物的多样性水平;通过提高潮沟系统的水文连通度或改变潮沟内水流流速,提高潮汐区3个优先恢复节点(HT1、DT2和DT6)的浮游植物和浮游动物的多样性水平等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to climate change and man-made damage, the hydrological connectivity of the Yellow River Delta has been seriously affected, and the ecological functions and biodiversity of wetlands have been declining. In July 2017, the composition and structural characteristics of plankton communities in the Dawenliu and Yellow River Mouth tidal zones, recovery zones and the Yellow River in the Yellow River Delta were studied; the hydrological connectivity of each zone and the patch important values were quantified. Based on the two types of quantitative indicators of plankton community composition and hydrological connectivity,14 hydrological nodes that need recovery in the Yellow River Delta were selected, including 6 priority recovery nodes(DT2, DT6,DR1, DR4, DR6, DR10) and 8 secondary priority recovery nodes(HT1, HR1,HR3, HR4, YR1, YR2, YR5, YR6). At the same time, corresponding recovery measures were proposed for each priority recovery node. For example, for the 6 recovery nodes(DR4, DR6, DR10, HR1, HR3, and HR4)in the recovery zone, a variety of plant combinations could be used to construct artificial floating islands;emerged plants such as Typha orientalis, Phragmites australis, and Lythrum salicariacan be planted around the 4 recovery nodes(YR1, YR2, YR5 and YR6) in the Yellow River to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from water bodies and sediments, thereby improving plankton biodiversity; the phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity of 3 recovery nodes(HT1, DT2 and DT6) in the tidal zone could be improved by increasing the hydrological connectivity of the tidal channel system or changing the flow velocity in the tidal channel.更多还原