【摘要】 将黄土、污泥、细沙、细煤渣、粉煤灰和砾石作为基质原料,取其中5种原料,以1∶1∶1∶1∶1的体积比,配置成不同原料混合而成的5种基质;在利用5种基质构建的模拟垂直流人工湿地中,处理Pb²⁺质量浓度为10 mg/L、20mg/L、40 mg/L、80 mg/L和160 mg/L的废水（人工配制）,控制水力停留时间为8 h。实验结果表明,当废水中Pb²⁺质量浓度为10 mg/L、20 mg/L、40 mg/L和80 mg/L时,以污泥+黄土+细煤渣+砾石+细沙为基质构建的人工湿地对Pb²⁺的去除率最高,为87.50%～93.77%;当废水中Pb²⁺质量浓度为160 mg/L时,以粉煤灰+污泥+黄土+细煤渣+细沙为基质构建的人工湿地对Pb²⁺的去除率最高,为91.00%;当废水中Pb²⁺质量浓度为10 mg/L和20 mg/L时,在以粉煤灰+污泥+细煤渣+砾石+细沙为基质构建的人工湿地中,重金属的潜在迁移能力最弱;当废水中Pb²⁺质量浓度为40 mg/L、80 mg/L和160 mg/L时,在以粉煤灰+污泥+黄土+细煤渣+细沙为基质构建的人工湿地中,重金属的潜在迁移能力最弱;基质的容重、有效粒径D10、不均匀系数K80、pH、阳离子交换量和有机质含量都与含铅废水的处理效果正相关,基质的总孔隙度、有效粒径D80、有效态锰和全量锰、镁、铝、铁含量则分别与Pb²⁺的去除率、基质中的铅形态含量负相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Five kinds of substrates of constructed wetland were prepared with six materials（loess, sludge, fine sand, fine cinder, fly ash, gravel） according to 1∶1∶1∶1∶1 in volume ratio of five materials. The wastewater with Pb²⁺ was treated by constructed wetlands with five kinds of substrates in 8 h hydraulic detention time.The wastewater with Pb2+of 5 kinds of concentrations（10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 160 mg/L） were made by artificial simulation. The results showed that the removal rates（87.50%-93.77%） of Pb²⁺ was the highest by constructed wetland with substrate composed of sienna, sludge, fine sand, fine cinder and gravel when Pb²⁺ concentrations were 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 80 mg/L in wastewater. The constructed wetland with substrate composed of sienna, sludge, fine sand, fine cinder and fly ash performed the best removal effects of 91.00% when Pb²⁺ concentration was 160 mg/L in wastewater. The potential migration ability of Pb²⁺ in wastewater was the lowest in the constructed wetland with substrate composed of fly ash,sludge, fine sand, fine cinder and gravel when Pb²⁺ concentrations were 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L in wastewater.The potential migration ability of Pb2+in wastewater was the lowest in the constructed wetland with substrate composed of fly ash, sludge, loess, fine cinder and fine sand when Pb2+concentrations were 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L and 160 mg/L in wastewater. The stronger correlation appeared between removal efficiency and bulk density,specific gravity, effective grain size D10, pH, cation exchange capacity（CEC） and organic matter. Total porosity, non-uniformity coefficient K80, contents of active Mn and total Mn, Mg, Al, Fe performed smaller correlation with chemical speciation and removal of Pb2+in waste water.更多还原