【摘要】 面对地震带来的巨大灾难,通过探讨地震后不同类型灾民身心应激症状的影响度,有利于有针对性地对灾民进行心理救助,减轻灾害影响,提高灾害救援效果。本文将地震后灾民身心应激症状分解为4个指标,即生理症状、认知症状、情绪症状和行为症状。采用突变级数法构建了地震灾害后灾民身心应激症状突变模型,并以"5·12"汶川地震为例做实证研究,对不同类型受灾人群身心应激症状影响度进行了分析。通过对比研究发现,不同类型人群身心应激症状所受影响程度不同,女性、中老年组以及重灾区人群身心应激症状最严重。即使同一类人群,在面对同样灾害时,其在生理症状、认知症状、情绪症状和行为症状4个方面所受影响程度也不同。本文采用突变模型对地震灾害后灾民身心应激症状进行研究,所得结论与既往相关研究结论基本一致,表明模型的评价结果可靠、有效,为灾后减灾工作提供了新的思路和方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 While facing the huge earthquake,the physical and psychological assistance for victims is deemed necessary.Exploring the physical and psychological symptoms for different types of victims is beneficial to reduce the impact of disasters and improve the effect of the assistance.The physical and psychological stress symptoms are characterized by four indicators based on the prior related literature,namely,physical symptoms,cognitive symptoms,emotional symptoms,and behavioral symptoms.The catastrophe progression method is applied to build a physical and psychological stress symptoms catastrophe model for the earthquake victims and "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake is used as an example for the empirical research.According to demographic characteristics,the victims of Wenchuan earthquake are categorized by gender,age,and extent of earthquake impact.The impact of the earthquake on different types of victims is analyzed and it is found that the biggest impact is on the earthquake victims of female,the middle-and-old age,and people in worst-hit region.Facing with the same disaster,the same type of people exhibits different physical symptoms,cognitive symptoms,emotional symptoms,and behavioral symptoms.The catastrophe progression method for the physical and psychological stress symptoms model is adopted to analyze the physical and mental stress symptoms of earthquake victims,its results are in consistent with previous related research conclusion.It is indicated that the model is reliable and effective for such problems,thus the model provides a new method for the post-disaster relief work.更多还原