【摘要】 简要介绍近断层方向性效应、滑冲效应、上盘效应和显著竖向地面运动等近断层地震动主要特征及成因;概括总结近断层水平和竖向地震作用下工程结构地震响应的研究进展;在此基础上,对目前国内外抗震设计规范中考虑近断层地震影响有关规定进行了介绍和概况总结。提出关于近断层上盘效应引起的脉冲特性以及地震动的随机特性的发生机理等问题的研究仍不够深入,近断层地震作用下已有的结构振动控制技术的安全性和有效性有待进一步确认和验证。建议关注近断层加速度脉冲、竖向及转动分量作用下的工程结构地震响应,可结合地震断层破裂过程的数值仿真技术来弥补近断层地震记录数量的不足,以更好地研究近断层地震动特性及工程结构地震响应,为未来结构抗震设计及评估中考虑近断层地震动效应的影响和规范修订提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Researches on the cause of formation and attributes of some near-fault earthquake ground motion characteristics such as directivity effect,fling-step effect,hanging-wall effect and prominent vertical ground motion are briefly introduced; the research progress of seismic responses of engineering structures induced by near-fault horizontal and vertical seismic ground motions are summarized separately and comprehensively. The seismic resistant design guidelines or codes considering the engineering effect of near-fault ground motions all over the world is introduced on the basis of the investigation of seismic behavior of engineering structures imposed by near-fault motions. Further investigation on the formation mechanism of pulse attribute resulted from near-fault hanging-wall effect and stochastic property of near-fault motions should be conducted in future. Confirmation and validation should be performed on the safety and effectiveness of structural vibration control technology imposed on engineering structures excited by nearfault motions. It is recommended that seismic responses of engineering structures imposed on acceleration pulse,vertical and rotational components should be paid more attention. Numerical simulation technology of formation and development process of the seismogenic fault can be employed to remedy the lack of near-fault seismic records and to investigate near-fault seismic attributes and engineering structural responses. It is believed that the summarization and discussion in this paper will provide references for considering the influence of near-fault effects and criterion modification of future engineering design and evaluation.更多还原