【摘要】 从10个方面对兴建台湾海峡隧道的工程可行性进行论述,并阐述对其中若干技术关键的认识和建议。1)从台湾海峡拟议中兴建隧位沿线的地质与地震灾害性条件,看跨海隧道设计施工的工程可行性——试以"北线"方案为例,说明其对隧道施工与日后运营的影响;2)海底隧道设计施工的特点和问题:对地质勘察、隧道最小埋置深度、隧道内交通运输工具的选择、关于服务隧道和海底渡线室等的设置、工程的安全设计与安全作业等提出意见和建议;3)隧道不良地质区段施工水情水患的预测与防治:对隧道场址的水文地质条件的认识与评价;对防塌治水的基本原则,难以预见的施工风险及施工整治处理要点进行了阐述;4)隧道围岩防塌险情预警、变形预测与控制——围岩施工稳定性评价:提出用"变形速率比值判别法"对围岩的施工稳定性进行评价,在施工期采用BMP软件对隧道衬护原设计参数进行调整和修正;5)隧道掘进机(TBM)与钻爆法施工方案的比选——隧道施工机械现代化:提出用TBM与钻爆法配合的海峡隧道施工方案,同时指出当隧道部分地段需改用钻爆法开挖时,隧道的主要施工机械及监测仪具应现代化(如自动化喷混凝土机器人、自动化量测及监测反馈系统等);6)耐腐蚀高性能海工混凝土材料和隧道支衬结构:指明采用常规材料配制高性能海工混凝土,增强其耐久性的基本途径;给出不良地质区段岩体的隧道开挖、支护、施工排水和限压衬砌设计施工的建议;7)特长大隧道的运营期通风问题——暂按铁路隧道并以英法海峡隧道为例作考虑:阐述海峡隧道的空气动力学问题,介绍英法海底隧道的通风系统原理及结构布置措施;8)隧道防灾与减灾:建议学习参考西方一些国家和日本在隧道防灾方面的设计理念;9)海底隧道施工风险评估与风险管理:提出该隧道的主要技术风险类别,并阐述对风险管理的认识;10)关于悬浮式隧道:对本隧道情况而言,建议悬浮式隧道方案再另行慎议;最后指出下一步的地质和地震勘察尚有待深入进行的工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 The author discusses the engineering feasibility of the construction of Taiwan Strait Tunnel and provides his viewpoints and suggestions for some key technical issues of the project in the following 10 aspects.1) The engineering feasibility of the design and construction of the sub-sea tunnel in view of the geologic and seismic hazardous conditions of the proposed location of Taiwan Strait Tunnel: taking "North Line Plan" as an example to discuss their impact on the construction and operation of the tunnel;2) The characteristics and problems of the design and construction of the sub-sea tunnel: comments and suggestions on the geologic investigation,the minimum cover depth of the tunnel,transportation tools in the tunnel,setting of service tunnel and sub-sea crossover chamber and safety design and safe construction of the project;3) Prediction and prevention of hydrologic regime and water gushing hazards in the tunnel sections with unfavorable geology: understanding and value of the hydrologic conditions in the tunneling site;discussions on basic rules for cave-in prevention and water gushing prevention and unpredictable construction risks and key points of construction countermeasures;4) Early-warning,deformation prediction and control of the cave-in of the tunnel surrounding rocks: evaluation on the stability of the surrounding rocks by "Deformation Rate Ratio System Method",and adjustment and correction of the original design parameters of the tunnel lining by BMP Software during the construction;5) Comparison between Tunnel Boring Machine(TBM) method and drilling and blasting method based construction scheme-modernization of tunnel construction machinery: proposing a composite construction scheme combining TBM and drilling and blasting method for the tunnel and suggesting the modernization of the major tunnel construction machinery and monitoring apparatus(such as automatic shotcrete robot and automatic measuring and monitoring and feedback system) when drilling and blasting method is applied in part of the tunnel sections;6) Corrosion-proof high-performance oceaneering concrete material and tunnel lining structure: providing basic approaches to produce high-performance oceaneering concrete with conventional materials so as to improve the durability and providing suggestions for the design and construction of excavation,support,construction water drainage and pressure limiting lining of tunnel sections in rock masses with unfavorable geology; 7) Ventilation of super-long and big tunnel during operating: being considered as a railway tunnel and taking Channel Tunnel as an example to explain the aerodynamics of Taiwan Strait Tunnel and presenting the principle and structure layout of the ventilation system of Channel Tunnel;8) Tunnel disaster prevention and mitigation: suggesting learning and referring to the tunnel disaster prevention design concept in Japan and some western countries;9) Risk assessment and management for the construction of the sub-sea tunnel: providing the types of the major technical risks of this tunnel and providing the author′s understanding on risk management;10) About the submerged floating tunnel: suggesting further and cautious considerations on the plan of submerged floating tunnel based on the conditions of this tunnel;and finally identifying the geologic and seismic investigations to be deeply furthered in the next step.更多还原