【摘要】 物种多度是群落结构数量化研究的主要途径之一,是理解群落性质的重要基础。以星斗山自然保护区红椿(Toona ciliata)天然群落的乔灌草层的物种多度分布格局为研究对象,分别运用断棍模型BSM、生态位重叠模型ONM和生态位优先模型NPM,对数级数模型LSD、对数正态模型LND和Weibull模型WDM等模型,对不同层次物种多度分布进行了拟合研究。采用赤池信息准则(AIC)、卡方(χ~2)、Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)检验,综合选择最优模型,结果表明:(1)3种生态位模型拟合广度和优度排序为NPM> BSM> ONM。3种统计学模型中,WDM可以解释红椿乔灌草层多度拟合,拟合效果最优,其次为LND,LSD拒绝灌草层,拟合效果较差;总体而言,统计学模型拟合优于生态位模型。(2)不同红椿为群落乔木层优势种;物种丰富度和多样性远高于草本层,而灌木层略高于乔木层;群落的均匀度大小排序为:草本>灌木>乔木。不同生态学或统计学模型可以同时拟合不同的物种多度但拟合优度不同。因此,研究不同红椿群落物种多度分布时,尽量注重模型的生态学意义,以选择具有最佳生态解释的拟合模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the goal of model fitting species abundance distribution patterns of the tree, shrub and herb layers of the natural Toona ciliata community in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, we used the data collected from the field survey and employed different ecological niche models. The models tested were the broken stick model(BSM), the overlapping niche model(ONM) and the niche preemption model(NPM), as well as three statistic models, the log-series distribution model(LSD), the log-normal distribution model(LND) and the Weibull distribution model(WDM). To determine the fitted model most suitable to each layer, the fitting effects were judged by criteria of the lowest value of Akaike Information Criterion(AIC), Chi-square and the K-S values with no significant difference(P>0.05) between the theoretical predictions and observed species abundance distribution values. The result showed:(1) The fitting suitability and goodness of fit of the tree, shrub and herb layers by using the three ecological niche models were ranked as: NPM>BSM>ONM. Of the three statistical models, by accepting the fitting results of the three layers, WDM was the best fitting model, followed by LND. By rejecting the fitting tests of the herb layer, LSD had the worst fitting effect. The goodness of the statistical models was ranked as: WDM>LND>LSD. In general, the statistical models had better fitting results than the ecological models.(2) T. ciliata was the dominant species of the tree layer. The species richness and diversity of the herb layer were much higher than those of either the tree layer or the shrub layer. The species richness and diversity of the shrub layer were slightly higher than those of the tree layer. The community evenness accorded to the following order: herb>shrub>tree. Considering the fitting results of the different layers, different ecological niche models or statistical models with optimal goodness of fit and ecological significance can be given priority to in studying the species abundance distribution patterns of T. ciliata communities.更多还原