【摘要】 天然气水合物(简称水合物)是天然气(主要成分甲烷)和水在高压和低温条件下形成的类冰固体化合物.我国将水合物开采研究归入战略发展规划.本文首先介绍水合物地层成藏和分类以及适合大规模商业化开采的地区;然后系统地总结了当前提出的水合物开采方法和适用条件,重点介绍了机械-热联合开采水合物方法的工艺流程和基本科学原理;阐述了水合物开采涉及的热传导、相变、渗流和应力变化4个效应,说明了水合物开采过程中各个物理量演化的特征,作为水合物开采与相关监测的理论基础;最后分析了国内外现场试验性开采的研究进展,并指出了未来水合物开采的研究方向.更多还原

【Abstract】 Natural gas hydrate is an ice-like compound composed of mainly methane molecules and water molecules under proper high pressure and low temperature, and is being studied as a strategic energy resource. This paper first introduces the research advance of reservoir formation and classification of hydrate formation, and then systematically summarizes the current methods and their applicable conditions for hydrate exploitation. A new concept i.e. mechanical-thermal hydrate recovery method is presented based on the geological-mechanical characteristics in China and the technological process and scientific principles were introduced and overiewed. Hydrate mining mainly involves four effects of heat conduction,phase change, seepage and stress change. Through the analysis of the four characteristic time, the problem is decoupled and the characteristics of the evolution of the physical quantities in the process of hydrate mining can be determined,which can provide theoretical guidance for the practical exploitation of hydrates. Finally, the research progress of field trial production is analyzed and the future research direction of hydrate mining is pointed out.更多还原