【摘要】 目的评估景谷地震灾区灾后重点传染病及突发事件的公共卫生风险,为灾区的传染病防控和突发公共卫生事件应对工作决策提供有针对性的建议。方法地震发生后48 h内,在对灾区既往传染病疫情和突发公共卫生事件数据进行分析及对灾情概况、灾区背景资料、已开展响应行动、地震灾后可能影响人群健康的主要因素进行文献综述和归纳总结的基础上,采用专家会商法进行定性分析,对重点传染病和突发公共卫生事件划分风险等级,并提出风险管理建议。结果地震后灾区基础设施未受到严重破坏,地震造成重大人员伤亡的可能性不大,灾区医疗救治和卫生防疫能力较震前可能变化不大甚至还有所加强,但灾区仍存在可能影响人群健康的因素。评估结果显示,流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、手足口病等传染病和食物中毒事件发生风险较高,麻疹、肺结核、风疹、猩红热、水痘、急性出血热性结膜炎、细菌性痢疾、感染性腹泻病、甲型病毒性肝炎、伤寒副伤寒、狂犬病、恙虫病等传染病的发生风险中等,霍乱、流行性乙型脑炎、疟疾、登革热、鼠疫、炭疽等传染病的发生风险较低。结论灾后初期应急阶段的灾区传染病防控和突发公共卫生事件应对工作应做好如下方面:全面收集灾区公共卫生相关信息并及时完成公共卫生需求快速评估,以切实可行的方式开展传染病及突发事件监测和报告,确保饮用水卫生和食品卫生,加强灾民安置点管理,加大环境卫生综合整治力度,科学规范开展消毒杀虫工作,加强对群众的健康教育,努力恢复公共卫生基本服务等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To assess the risk of major communicable diseases and public health emergencies in the earthquake affected area in Jinggu,Yunnan province and provide evidence for the communicable disease prevention /control and public health emergency response in the affected area. Methods An expert counsel w as conducted w ithin 48 hours after the earthquake to evaluate the risk to human health based on the analysis on the previous incidence data of notifiable communicable diseases and public health emergencies,disaster situation,background information and the risk factors w ith potential to affect human health in the affected area as w ell as the response actions undertaken. The risk levels of major communicable diseases and public health emergencies w ere estimated and the corresponding advice w as given. Results The infrastructure in the affected area w as not seriously damaged. The possibility of high casualty w as not high. The capacity of medical care and disease control might not be affected seriously or might be even better than before. How ever,the risk factors that might affect human health still existed. The incidence risks of influenza,mumps,HFM D and food poisoning w ere high,the incidence risks of measles,TB,rubella,scarlet fever,chicken pox,acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis,bacillary dysentery,infectious diarrhea,hepatitis A,typhoid and paratyphoid,rabies and tsutsugamushi disease w ere moderate and the incidence risks of cholera,Japanese encephalitis,malaria,dengue fever,plague and anthrax w ere low. Conclusion In the post-disaster emergency response phase,the prevention and control of communicable disease and public health emergencies should be focused on the public health related information collection,public health need evaluation,disease surveillance and reporting,drinking w ater and food safety,the management of shelters,environment sanitation improvement,disinfection or sterilization,health education and basic public health service in the disaster affected area.更多还原