【摘要】 对杂交种"云龙石斑鱼"及其亲本鞍带石斑鱼（Epinephelus lanceolatus,♂）和云纹石斑鱼（Epinephelus moara,♀） 3个群体的7个可数性状和20个可量性状进行统计与测定,采用聚类分析、主成分分析、判别分析和方差分析法进行比较分析。卡方检验结果显示,3个石斑鱼群体之间可数性状差异不显著。聚类分析结果显示,云龙石斑鱼与母本云纹石斑鱼的差异较小,与父本鞍带石斑鱼的差异较大。主成分分析构建了6个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标,贡献率分别为24.585%、17.985%、10.410%、9.970%、6.542%和5.542%,累积贡献率为74.945%,3个群体之间在形态特征方面存在明显偏离,云龙石斑鱼有其独特的形态特征。通过判别分析筛选出对判别石斑鱼贡献率最大的4个形态特征,分别为X₃（吻长/头长）、X₆ （体高/体长）、X₈ （尾柄高/体长）与X₁₄ （腹鳍基部至臀鳍基部前端/体长）,以此拟合出能够判别以上3个群体的典型判别函数(F₁=21.108X₃+38.413X₆-97.206X₈+2.223X₁₄-6.849, F₂=-10.344X₃+21.570X₆+21.931X₈+26.901X₁₄-17.406)与分类判别函数(Y₁=217.572X₃+750.765X₆+1425.499X₈+413.410X₁₄-336.464,Y₂=318.678X₃+839.713X₆+1020.377X₈+358.203X₁₄-319.723与Y₃=258.526X₃+672.660X₆+1334.033X₈+311.962X₁₄-269.278),综合判别率为96.43%,认为由逐步判别分析法筛选出的4个形态性状对3个群体的初步鉴定是可行的。方差分析多重比较显示,除X₁₁ （胸鳍基部至腹鳍基部长/体长）外,3个石斑鱼的形态差异均达到显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）,云龙石斑鱼与鞍带石斑鱼有14个形态性状达到极显著（P<0.01）,云龙石斑鱼与云纹石斑鱼有12个形态性状达到差异极显著（P<0.01）。本研究结果为石斑鱼杂交种"云龙石斑鱼"与云纹石斑鱼和鞍带石斑鱼的种质鉴别提供了丰富的生物学基础数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seven countable traits and 20 measurable traits of three populations of the hybrid"Epinephelus moara ♀×E. lanceolatus♂" and its parents, E. moara（♀） and E. lanceolatus（♂） were measured, and the comparative analysis of morphological characteristics among the three groups were performed by virtue of three kinds of multivariate statistical analysis methods, including cluster analysis,principal component analysis and discriminant analysis and variance analysis methods. Chi-square test results showed that there was no significant difference in the countable traits among the three grouper populations. The result of cluster analysis revealed that, characters of "E. moara ♀×E. lanceolatus♂"was more similar to E. moara than E. lanceolatus. Six comprehensive indexes reflecting morphological characteristics were constructed by principal component analysis. The contribution rates of the six principal components were 24.585%, 17.985%, 10.410%, 9.970%, 6.542%, and 5.542% respectively, and the cumulative contribution rate of those was 74.945%. There were obvious deviations in morphological characteristics among the three groupers, forming three different groups and hybrids. "E. moara ♀×E.lanceolatus♂" has its own unique morphological features. By discriminant analysis, four morphological characteristics that have the largest contribution to discriminating grouper, X₃（tongue length/head length）,X₆（height at withers/body length）, X₈（height at caudal peduncle/body length）, X₁₄（ventral fin basal to the front of anal fin basal/body length）, were selected to fit the typical discriminant function(F₁=21.108 X₃+38.413 X₆-97.206 X₈+2.223 X₁₄-6.849, F₂=-10.344 X₃+21.570 X₆+21.931 X₈+26.901 X₁₄-17.406)and the classification discriminant function(Y₁=217.572 X₃+750.765 X₆+1425.499 X₈+413.410 X₁₄-336.464,Y₂=318.678 X₃+839.713 X₆+1020.377 X₈+358.203 X₁₄-319.723 and Y₃=258.526 X₃+672.660 X₆+1334.033 X₈+311.962 X₁₄-269.278) that can distinguish the above three groupers, the comprehensive discriminant rate was 96.43%. It can be considered that the four morphological characteristics selected by stepwise discriminant analysis are feasible for the preliminary identification of three groupers. The results of variance analysis showed that the morphological differences of the three groupers reached significant or extremely significant levels in all characteristics except for X₁₁（The pectoral fin base to the pelvic fin/body length）. Among them, there were 14 morphological traits between "E. moara ♀ ×E.lanceolatus♂" and E. lanceolatus reached extremely significant levels, and 12 morphological traits between "E. moara ♀×E. lanceolatus♂" and E. moara were extremely significant. The results of this study provide biological basic data for the germplasm identification of "E. moara ♀×E. lanceolatus♂",E. moara and E. lanceolatus.更多还原