【摘要】 塑料在全球范围内广泛使用,粒级在5 mm以下的微塑料,其分布呈全球化趋势,近岸、大洋、深海和极地都有微塑料的存在,对海洋环境带来持久性污染。近海海洋环境中的微塑料主要分布在表层海水、海滩与岸滩以及近海沉积物中,其在洋流作用下长距离迁移,最终主要汇集在深海区域。目前海洋微塑料的检测以实验室分析为主,常规的操作流程一般依赖于手动操作,无法达到自动原位在线监测海洋微塑料的目标。本文全面综述了现国内外已采用的仪器分析技术在海洋微塑料采集、预处理与分析中的应用,系统梳理了各仪器分析方法的特点及应用条件,并提出了今后微塑料研究中亟待解决的关键性问题,以期为海洋微塑料长期自动化监测提供方向与理论支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Certain classes of plastics are widely used in the industry and life,which yield progressively fragments as microplastics smaller than 5 mm. Microplastics can be present on the shorelines,in the oceans and even in the remote arctic ice. There are concerns it may bring durable hazards to the marine environment. Microplastics in the offshore marine environment mainly concentrate in the surface seawater,on the beach and in the sediments,and finally deposit in the deep sea as a sink after long-term migration driven by the currents. Currently methods used for the identification of microplastics are mainly limited in the laboratory and mostly depend on manual operation. Hence methods appropriate for automatic in-situ monitoring of microplastics in the marine environment is in urgent need. In this review,the application of instrumental analysis techniques in the collection,sample processing and analysis as well as the characteristics and applicable conditions were summarized. Therefore,burning issues are put forward in order to help establish the direction and theoretical support for the long-term automatic monitoring of marine microplastics.更多还原