【摘要】 目的:探讨5.12地震灾区11~16岁少年儿童的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为下一步开展创伤后心理危机干预提供依据。方法:在地震发生后一个月,使用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)学生版,调查了1268名来自于灾区的少年儿童(平均年龄14.20±1.02岁,男女比例1:1.02)的心理健康状况及其影响因素。结果:(1)灾区少年儿童SDQ总困难因子平均得分为13.66±5.75,74.9%的人报告自身存在主观困难;(2)女性的总困难因子、情绪因子、亲社会因子得分高于男性(z=-4.317,-7.963,-3.717;Ps<0.001);(3)困难对少年儿童社会功能的影响程度随年龄增加(χ2=7.684,P=0.021)。年龄越大,多动因子得分有增加的趋势(χ2=13.881,P=0.001);(4)重度暴露组其总困难因子、情绪因子、影响因子得分高于轻度暴露组(z=-2.374,-4.279,-2.114;Ps<0.05),困难造成的主观精神困扰程度前组高于后组(z=-2.920,P=0.004);(5)女性、高年龄者、教师/同学伤亡较重者、震后被转移至安全的帐篷或房屋的间隔时间越长者,SDQ总困难因子异常的危险性越高。结论:震后灾区少年儿童的心理健康状况受到暴露水平、性别、年龄以及震后被转移至安全地点的时间的影响,心理干预应综合考虑相关因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the mental health status and influence factors of 11～16 years old children and adolescents exposed to the 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake for the following post-traumatic psychological intervention.Methods:1268 children and adolescents(mean age:14.20±1.02,male and female ratio of 1∶1.02)from the affected area were assessed with the self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)one-month after the earthquake.Results:(1)the average SDQ total difficulty score is 13.66±5.75,74.9% reported at least minor perceived difficulties;(2)female’s total difficulty scores,emotional subscale scores,prosocial subscale scores are higher than male’s(z=-4.317,-7.963,-3.717;Ps<0.001);(3)difficulties’ impact degree on children’s social functions are increased with age(χ2=7.684,P=0.021),as same as the hyperactivity subscale scores(χ2=13.881,P=0.001);(4)children with a higher level of exposure have higher total difficulty scores、emotional subscale scores and the impact scores(z=-2.374,-4.279,-2.114;Ps<0.05),also have higher subjective self distress(z=-2.920,P=0.004);(5)the SDQ total difficulty score is influenced by the gender,age,teacher and classmates’ injure/death situation,interval time when the children were transferred to a safe place.Conclusion:The mental health status of children from the affected area of the earthquake are influenced by their exposure level,gender,age and the interval time when they were transferred to a safe place.Relevant factors should be considered in the following post-traumatic psychological intervention.更多还原