【摘要】 水体重金属污染不但影响水环境质量,最终还会威胁人类健康,客观合理地评价其污染状况对于治理重金属污染和保障人类的健康具有重要意义。目前,水体重金属污染评价方法较多,但都有一定的局限性。以文献中使用较多的五类九种"水体重金属污染评价方法"为研究对象进行分析研究;在评价前应对水体中重金属元素的不同形态含量进行分析比较,选择合理的含量进行评价是前提。着重比较各种评价方法的适用范围及优缺点,以期为其他研究学者及相关管理部门选择合适的评价方法提供参考。研究结果表明,指数法是目前众多评价方法中的常用方法,该方法计算简单但在复杂情况下不能进行准确评价,模糊综合法及灰色关联法等适合复杂条件下的评价,但计算复杂容易出现信息丢失现象。为了弥补不同方法的缺点,应联合使用多种重金属污染评价方法进行综合分析评价,最终得到相对更为合理准确的评价结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heavy metal pollution not only affects the quality of water environment,but also poses a potential threat to human health.Objectively and rationally evaluating the pollution status of heavy metal is of great significance for the control of heavy metal pollution and the protection of human health.At present,there are many methods for evaluating the heavy metal pollution in water, but there are some limitations.5 categories and 9 species of "water heavy metal pollution evaluation methods" which are widely used in literature are analyzed. Firstly, the contents of different speciation of heavy metal elements in water should be analyzed and compared before evaluation, and the selection of reasonable content is the premise.Secondly, it focuses on the application scope,advantages and disadvantages of various evaluation methods, in order to provide reference for other research scholars and relevant management departments to choose the best evaluation method. The research results show that the index method is a common method in many evaluation methods. The method is simple to calculate but cannot be accurately evaluated under complicated conditions. The fuzzy comprehensive method and grey correlation are suitable for evaluation under complex conditions, but the calculation is too complicated and the information loss phenomenon is easy. In order to make up for the shortcomings of different methods, a variety of heavy metal pollution assessment methods should be used in combination for comprehensive analysis and evaluation, and finally a relatively more reasonable and accurate evaluation result is obtained.更多还原