【摘要】 通过对2015年1—12月上海崇明岛崇南地区颗粒物(PM_2.5、PM₁₀)浓度的连续监测,研究了PM_2.5、PM₁₀在不同季节的动态变化特征及与其他因子（SO₂、NO₂、O₃）的相关性,分析了风向风速和降雨对颗粒物浓度的影响。结果表明:崇明岛PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度的季节变化明显,呈现冬季的>春季的>秋季的>夏季的的特征,冬季PM_2.5和PM₁₀小时浓度均值分别为0.058 mg/m³和0.085 mg/m³,夏季PM_2.5和PM₁₀均值分别为0.034 mg/m³和0.054 mg/m³。PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度分别与SO₂浓度和NO₂浓度显著正相关,与O₃显著负相关。全年来看,在西南风向时PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度较高,这主要受该方向上游吴淞工业区、宝钢、石洞口电厂、罗店工业区等工业排放影响;从高浓度颗粒物(PM_2.5质量浓度≥0.115 mg/m³)来向看,北和西北风向时出现高浓度颗粒物的频率最高,这主要是受到我国北方采暖季大气颗粒物输送过程对崇明岛区域的脉冲式污染影响所致;PM_2.5、PM₁₀实时浓度与相应的风速呈显著负相关。降雨量大于5 mm或持续3 h及以上的连续降雨对大气颗粒物起到显著的湿清除作用,降雨后PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度分别降低了68.0%和66.9%,降雨时和雨后PM_2.5浓度为0.025～0.033 mg/m³,均低于我国环境空气PM_2.5的一级浓度限值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The temporal variations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in different seasons and their correlation with other pollution factors（SO₂, NO₂ and O₃） were studied through the continuous atmospheric particle monitoring in the southern area of Chongming island from January to December, 2015. The influence of meteorological factors（including wind direction, speed and rainfall） on particulate mass concentration was analyzed as well. The results showed that the concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were significantly seasonally different,the highest in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in summer. The average hourly concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ reached 0.058 mg/m³ and 0.085 mg/m³ respectively in winter, while the average concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were 0.034 mg/m³ and 0.054 mg/m³ in summer respectively. The concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were positively correlated with SO₂ and NO₂, while it showed a significant negative correlation with O₃. For the full year, the concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were relatively high with the southwest wind direction, which was mainly due to industrial emission from Wusong industrial zone, Baosteel plant, Shidongkou power plants, Luodian industrial zone and so on. The high concentrations of PM_2.5（≥0.115 mg/m³） mainly appeared with the north and northwest wind direction, which was influenced by impulse particulate pollution transport from northern China during heating season. The real time concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were negatively correlated with wind speed. Rainfall greater than 5 mm or continued more than 3 h had a significant wet cleaning effect on particulate matter. The average concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ decreased 68.0% and 66.9% respectively. The concentration of PM_2.5 was between 0.025 mg/m³ and 0.033 mg/m³ during and after the rain, which was lower than PM_2.5 concentration limit in the national ambient air quality standard.更多还原